Socks5lib - FFI endpoint for getting 'ClientState' (#3464 )

* method for getting current socks5 connection state * prevent shutting down disconnected client (and starting connected client) * fixed ios build * setup additional logging
Bump yaml from 2.1.1 to 2.2.2 in /nym-api/tests (#3352 )
2023-05-30 10:38:44 +01:00 · 2023-05-29 12:08:31 +01:00 · 2023-05-29 11:05:05 +01:00 · 2023-05-29 10:05:11 +02:00 · 2023-05-27 00:00:24 +02:00 · 2023-05-26 14:46:08 +01:00
483 changed files with 37195 additions and 8848 deletions
@@ -11,30 +11,25 @@
 # In each subsection folders are ordered first by depth, then alphabetically.
 # This should make it easy to add new rules without breaking existing ones.

-# Something weird not covered by anything else
-* @futurechimp @mmsinclair
+# contracts
+/contracts/mixnet @durch @jstuczyn
+/contracts/vesting @durch @jstuczyn
+/contracts/service-provider-directory @octol

-# Rust rules:
-*.rs @durch @futurechimp @jstuczyn @neacsu @octol
-Cargo.* @durch @futurechimp @jstuczyn @neacsu @octol
+# crypto code
+/common/crypto/ @jstuczyn
+/common/nymcoconut/ @jstuczyn
+/common/dkg/ @jstuczyn
+/common/nymsphinx/ @jstuczyn

-# JS rules:
-*.js @mmsinclair @fmtabbara
-*.ts @mmsinclair @fmtabbara
-*.tsx @mmsinclair @fmtabbara
-*.jsx @mmsinclair @fmtabbara
+# rust sdk
+/sdk/rust/ @octol

-# Something looking like possible documentation rules:
-*.md @mfahampshire
+# nym-connect (rust)
+/nym-connect/desktop/src-tauri/ @octol

-# our docker scripts
-/docker/ @neacsu
+# nym-wallet (rust)
+/nym-wallet/src-tauri/ @octol

-# if there are any changes in the core crypto, I feel like Ania should take a look:
-/common/crypto/ @aniampio
-/common/nymsphinx/ @aniampio
-
-# Explorer and wallet should probably get looked by the product team
-/explorer/ @nymtech/product 
-/nym-wallet/ @nymtech/product 
-/wallet-web/ @nymtech/product
+# documentation
+/documentation @mfahampshire
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+name: 'Documentation'
+about: Suggest a fix or enhancement to the documentation or developer portal content
+title: "[DOCS]"
+labels: documentation
+assignees: mfahampshire
+
+---
+
+Is your issue either: 
+- [ ] a fix to existing documentation (e.g. fixing a broken link or incorrect command) 
+- [ ] an enhancement (e.g. adding a description for an undocumented feature)
+
+Please briefly describe your issue:
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ on:
      - 'gateway/**'
      - 'integrations/**'
      - 'mixnode/**'
+      - 'sdk/lib/socks5-listener/**'
      - 'sdk/rust/nym-sdk/**'
      - 'service-providers/**'
      - 'nym-api/**'
      - 'nym-outfox/**'
      - 'tools/nym-cli/**'
      - 'tools/ts-rs-cli/**'
+      - 'Cargo.toml'
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - 'clients/**'
@@ -23,12 +25,14 @@ on:
      - 'gateway/**'
      - 'integrations/**'
      - 'mixnode/**'
+      - 'sdk/lib/socks5-listener/**'
      - 'sdk/rust/nym-sdk/**'
      - 'service-providers/**'
      - 'nym-api/**'
      - 'nym-outfox/**'
      - 'tools/nym-cli/**'
      - 'tools/ts-rs-cli/**'
+      - 'Cargo.toml'

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  },

  {
-    "os":"windows-latest",
+    "os":"windows10",
    "rust":"stable",
    "runOnEvent":"schedule"
  },
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    "runOnEvent":"schedule"
  },
  {
-    "os":"windows-latest",
+    "os":"windows10",
    "rust":"beta",
    "runOnEvent":"schedule"
  },
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
    "runOnEvent":"schedule"
  },
  {
-    "os":"windows-latest",
+    "os":"windows10",
    "rust":"nightly",
    "runOnEvent":"schedule"
  },
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+name: Upload nyxd to CI
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  publish-nyxd:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        platform: [ubuntu-20.04]
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Prepare build output directory
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_DIR: ci-builds/nyxd
+        run: |
+          rm -rf ci-builds || true
+          mkdir -p $OUTPUT_DIR
+          echo $OUTPUT_DIR
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies (Linux)
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install build-essential curl wget libssl-dev libgtk-3-dev libudev-dev squashfs-tools git
+        continue-on-error: true
+      
+      - name: Update env variables to include go
+        run: | 
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go
+          curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz | sudo tar -C/usr/local -zxvf -
+          cat <<'EOF' >>$HOME/.profile
+          export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
+          export GOPATH=$HOME/go
+          export GO111MODULE=on
+          export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$HOME/go/bin
+          EOF
+          source $HOME/.profile
+
+      - name: Verify Go is installed
+        run: go version
+
+      - name: Clone nyxd repo
+        run: | 
+          git clone https://github.com/tommyv1987/nyxd
+          cd nyxd
+          git checkout release/v0.30.2
+
+      - name: Run nyxd
+        run: |
+          pwd
+          cd nyxd && make build
+          sleep 10
+          ls /home/runner/work/nym/nym/nyxd/build
+
+      - name: Prepare build output
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_DIR: ci-builds/nyxd
+        run: |
+          cp /home/runner/work/nym/nym/nyxd/build/nyxd $OUTPUT_DIR
+          WASMVM_SO=$(ldd /home/runner/work/nym/nym/nyxd/build/nyxd | grep "libwasm*" | awk '{ print $3 }')
+          ls $WASMVM_SO
+          sleep 3
+          cp $(echo $WASMVM_SO) $OUTPUT_DIR
+
+      - name: Deploy nyxd to CI www
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: easingthemes/ssh-deploy@main
+        env:
+          SSH_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.CI_WWW_SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          ARGS: "-avzr"
+          SOURCE: "ci-builds/"
+          REMOTE_HOST: ${{ secrets.CI_WWW_REMOTE_HOST }}
+          REMOTE_USER: ${{ secrets.CI_WWW_REMOTE_USER }}
+          TARGET: ${{ secrets.CI_WWW_REMOTE_TARGET }}/builds/
+          EXCLUDE: "/dist/, /node_modules/"
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 .idea
 target
 .env
+.env.dev
 /.vscode/settings.json
 validator/.vscode
 sample-configs/validator-config.toml
@@ -41,4 +42,5 @@ storybook-static
 envs/qwerty.env
 .parcel-cache
 **/.DS_Store
-cpu-cycles/libcpucycles/build
+cpu-cycles/libcpucycles/build
+foxyfox.env
@@ -4,14 +4,69 @@ Post 1.0.0 release, the changelog format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://

 ## [Unreleased]

- nym-network-statistics properly handles signals ([#3209])
- add socks5 support for Rust SDK ([#3226], [#3255])
- add coconut bandwidth credential support for Rust SDK ([#3273]) 
+## [v1.1.19] (2023-05-16)

-[#3209]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3209
-[#3226]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3226
-[#3255]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3255
-[#3273]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3273
+- nym-name-service endpoint in nym-api ([#3403])
+- Implement key storage for WASM client using IndexedDB (for browser) ([#3329])
+- Initial version of nym-name-service contract providing name aliases for nym-addresses ([#3274])
+- Update Cargo.lock ([#3410])
+
+[#3403]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3403
+[#3329]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3329
+[#3274]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3274
+[#3410]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3410
+
+## [v1.1.18] (2023-05-09)
+
+- Implement heartbeat messages between socks5 proxy and network requester ([#3215])
+
+[#3215]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3215
+
+## [v1.1.17] (2023-05-02)
+
+- Add service-provider-directory-contract support to nym-cli ([#3334])
+- Start using the node-testing-utils (implemented in #3270) in nym-api Network monitor to simplify the logic there ([#3312])
+- Add service-provider-directory support to validator-client ([#3296])
+- Allow topology injection in our WASM client ('test my node' feature) ([#3270])
+- Expose service-provider-directory contract data in nym-api endpoints ([#3242])
+- Cache service provider contract in nym-api ([#3241])
+- Feature/1 1 17 docs ([#3370])
+- adding a test for SP endpoint ([#3367])
+- Feature/store cipher ([#3350])
+
+[#3334]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3334
+[#3312]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3312
+[#3296]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3296
+[#3270]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3270
+[#3242]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3242
+[#3241]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3241
+[#3370]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3370
+[#3367]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3367
+[#3350]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3350
+
+## [v1.1.16] (2023-04-25)
+
+- Explorer - Fix sorting function on Stake Saturation. It is currently working per page and not globally ([#3320])
+- Poisson process gets stuck at too slow rate. Rework to more aggressively up-regulate ([#3309])
+- decrease the logging level of warnings associated with clients dropping packets due to gateway being overloaded (I'd say reduce it to debug/trace) - there are few sources of those, e.g. in real and cover traffic streams ([#3299])
+- Make the buffer size in `AvailableReader` depend on packet sizes the client is using + introduce read timeouts ([#3213])
+- Rust SDK - Support coconut, credential storage etc ([#2755])
+- version bump for next release ([#3349])
+- added coconut credential generation example ([#3339])
+- update mix-node setup docs with node description ([#3325])
+- exposed missing gateway commands in nym-cli ([#3324])
+- make sure to clear inner 'ack_map' in 'GatewaysReader' ([#3300])
+
+[#3320]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3320
+[#3309]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3309
+[#3299]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3299
+[#3213]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/3213
+[#2755]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues/2755
+[#3349]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3349
+[#3339]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3339
+[#3325]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3325
+[#3324]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3324
+[#3300]: https://github.com/nymtech/nym/pull/3300

 ## [v1.1.15] (2023-04-18)

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ members = [
    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/group-contract",
    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/mixnet-contract",
    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/multisig-contract",
+    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/name-service",
    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/service-provider-directory",
    "common/cosmwasm-smart-contracts/vesting-contract",
    "common/credential-storage",
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ members = [
    "common/ledger",
    "common/mixnode-common",
    "common/network-defaults",
+    "common/node-tester-utils",
    "common/nonexhaustive-delayqueue",
    "common/nymcoconut",
    "common/nymsphinx",
@@ -59,12 +61,14 @@ members = [
    "common/nymsphinx/forwarding",
    "common/nymsphinx/framing",
    "common/nymsphinx/params",
+    "common/nymsphinx/routing",
    "common/nymsphinx/types",
    "common/pemstore",
    "common/socks5-client-core",
    "common/socks5/proxy-helpers",
    "common/socks5/requests",
    "common/statistics",
+    "common/store-cipher",
    "common/task",
    "common/topology",
    "common/types",
@@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ members = [
    "gateway/gateway-requests",
    "integrations/bity",
    "mixnode",
+    "sdk/lib/socks5-listener",
    "sdk/rust/nym-sdk",
    "service-providers/common",
    "service-providers/network-requester",
@@ -108,6 +113,7 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"

 [workspace.dependencies]
 async-trait = "0.1.64"
+anyhow = "1.0.71"
 bip39 = { version = "2.0.0", features = ["zeroize"] }
 cfg-if = "1.0.0"
 cosmwasm-derive = "=1.0.0"
@@ -121,6 +127,7 @@ cw3 = { version = "=0.13.4" }
 cw3-fixed-multisig = { version = "=0.13.4" }
 cw4 = { version = "=0.13.4" }
 dotenvy = "0.15.6"
+generic-array = "0.14.7"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 log = "0.4"
 once_cell = "1.7.2"
@@ -131,3 +138,4 @@ tap = "1.0.1"
 thiserror = "1.0.38"
 tokio = "1.24.1"
 url = "2.2"
+zeroize = "1.6.0"
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ happy: fmt clippy-happy test
 # on all workspaces.
 build-release: build-release-main wasm

+# Deprecated
+# For backwards compatibility
+clippy-all: clippy
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Define targets for a given workspace
 #  $(1): name
@@ -52,11 +56,11 @@ fmt-$(1):
 	cargo fmt --manifest-path $(2)/Cargo.toml --all

 clippy-happy: clippy-happy-$(1)
-clippy-all: clippy-$(1) clippy-examples-$(1)
+clippy: clippy-$(1) clippy-examples-$(1)
 check: check-$(1)
 cargo-test: test-$(1)
 cargo-test-expensive: test-expensive-$(1)
-build: build-$(1) build-$(1)-examples
+build: build-$(1) build-examples-$(1)
 build-release-all: build-release-$(1)
 fmt: fmt-$(1)

@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ CONTRACTS_OUT_DIR=contracts/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release
 VESTING_CONTRACT=$(CONTRACTS_OUT_DIR)/vesting_contract.wasm
 MIXNET_CONTRACT=$(CONTRACTS_OUT_DIR)/mixnet_contract.wasm
 SERVICE_PROVIDER_DIRECTORY_CONTRACT=$(CONTRACTS_OUT_DIR)/nym_service_provider_directory.wasm
+NAME_SERVICE_CONTRACT=$(CONTRACTS_OUT_DIR)/nym_name_service.wasm

 wasm: wasm-build wasm-opt

@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ wasm-opt:
 	wasm-opt --disable-sign-ext -Os $(VESTING_CONTRACT) -o $(VESTING_CONTRACT)
 	wasm-opt --disable-sign-ext -Os $(MIXNET_CONTRACT) -o $(MIXNET_CONTRACT)
 	wasm-opt --disable-sign-ext -Os $(SERVICE_PROVIDER_DIRECTORY_CONTRACT) -o $(SERVICE_PROVIDER_DIRECTORY_CONTRACT)
+	wasm-opt --disable-sign-ext -Os $(NAME_SERVICE_CONTRACT) -o $(NAME_SERVICE_CONTRACT)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Misc
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ For Typescript components, please see [ts-packages](./ts-packages).

 ### Developer chat

-You can chat to us in [Keybase](https://keybase.io). Download their chat app, then click **Teams -> Join a team**. Type **nymtech.friends** into the team name and hit **continue**. For general chat, hang out in the **#general** channel. Our development takes places in the **#dev** channel. Node operators should be in the **#node-operators** channel.
+You can chat with us in [Keybase](https://keybase.io). Download their chat app, then click **Teams -> Join a team**. Type **nymtech.friends** into the team name and hit **continue**. For general chat, hang out in the **#general** channel. Our development takes place in the **#dev** channel. Node operators should be in the **#node-operators** channel.

 ### Rewards

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Node, node operator and delegator rewards are determined according to the princi
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\lambda_{i}#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}\lambda_{i}#gh-dark-mode-only">|ratio of stake operator has pledged to their node to the token circulating supply.
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\omega_{i}#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}\omega_{i}#gh-dark-mode-only">|fraction of total effort undertaken by node `i`, set to `1/k`.
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=k#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}k#gh-dark-mode-only">|number of nodes stakeholders are incentivised to create, set by the validators, a matter of governance. Currently determined by the `reward set` size, and set to 720 in testnet Sandbox.
-|<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\alpha#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}\alpha#gh-dark-mode-only">|Sybil attack resistance parameter - the higher this parameter is set the stronger the reduction in competitivness gets for a Sybil attacker.
+|<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\alpha#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}\alpha#gh-dark-mode-only">|Sybil attack resistance parameter - the higher this parameter is set the stronger the reduction in competitiveness gets for a Sybil attacker.
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=PM_{i}#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}PM_{i}#gh-dark-mode-only">|declared profit margin of operator `i`, defaults to 10% in.
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=PF_{i}#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}PF_{i}#gh-dark-mode-only">|uptime of node `i`, scaled to 0 - 1, for the rewarding epoch
 |<img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=PP_{i}#gh-light-mode-only"><img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}PP_{i}#gh-dark-mode-only">|cost of operating node `i` for the duration of the rewarding epoch, set to 40 NYMT.
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Operator of node `i` is credited with the following amount:
 <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=min\{PP_{i},R_{i})\} %2b max\{0, (PM_{i} %2b (1 - PM_{i}) \cdot \lambda_{i}/\delta_{i}) \cdot (R_{i} - PP_{i})\}#gh-light-mode-only">
 <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}min\{PP_{i},R_{i})\} %2b max\{0, (PM_{i} %2b (1 - PM_{i}) \cdot \lambda_{i}/\delta_{i}) \cdot (R_{i} - PP_{i})\}#gh-dark-mode-only">

-Delegate with stake `s` recieves:
+Delegate with stake `s` receives:

 <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=max\{0, (1-PM_{i}) \cdot (s^'/\sigma_{i}) \cdot (R_{i} - PP_{i})\}#gh-light-mode-only">
 <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\color{white}max\{0, (1-PM_{i}) \cdot (s^'/\sigma_{i}) \cdot (R_{i} - PP_{i})\}#gh-dark-mode-only">
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "nym-client"
-version = "1.1.15"
+version = "1.1.19"
 authors = ["Dave Hrycyszyn <futurechimp@users.noreply.github.com>", "Jędrzej Stuczyński <andrew@nymtech.net>"]
 description = "Implementation of the Nym Client"
 edition = "2021"
@@ -7,84 +7,54 @@ use crate::websocket;
 use futures::channel::mpsc;
 use log::*;
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
+use nym_client_core::client::base_client::non_wasm_helpers::create_bandwidth_controller;
+use nym_client_core::client::base_client::storage::OnDiskPersistent;
 use nym_client_core::client::base_client::{
    non_wasm_helpers, BaseClientBuilder, ClientInput, ClientOutput, ClientState,
 };
 use nym_client_core::client::inbound_messages::InputMessage;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::persistence::OnDiskKeys;
 use nym_client_core::client::received_buffer::{
    ReceivedBufferMessage, ReceivedBufferRequestSender, ReconstructedMessagesReceiver,
 };
 use nym_client_core::config::persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder;
+use nym_credential_storage::persistent_storage::PersistentStorage;
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;
 use nym_task::TaskManager;
 use nym_validator_client::nyxd::QueryNyxdClient;
+use nym_validator_client::Client;
 use std::error::Error;
 use tokio::sync::watch::error::SendError;

-pub use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::KeyManager;
-use nym_credential_storage::persistent_storage::PersistentStorage;
 pub use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 pub use nym_sphinx::receiver::ReconstructedMessage;
-use nym_validator_client::Client;

 pub mod config;

+type NativeClientBuilder<'a> = BaseClientBuilder<'a, Client<QueryNyxdClient>, OnDiskPersistent>;
+
 pub struct SocketClient {
    /// Client configuration options, including, among other things, packet sending rates,
    /// key filepaths, etc.
    config: Config,
-
-    /// KeyManager object containing smart pointers to all relevant keys used by the client.
-    key_manager: KeyManager,
 }

 impl SocketClient {
    pub fn new(config: Config) -> Self {
-        let pathfinder = ClientKeyPathfinder::new_from_config(config.get_base());
-        let key_manager = KeyManager::load_keys(&pathfinder).expect("failed to load stored keys");
-
-        SocketClient {
-            config,
-            key_manager,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_with_keys(config: Config, key_manager: KeyManager) -> Self {
-        SocketClient {
-            config,
-            key_manager,
-        }
+        SocketClient { config }
    }

    async fn create_bandwidth_controller(
        config: &Config,
    ) -> BandwidthController<Client<QueryNyxdClient>, PersistentStorage> {
-        let details = nym_network_defaults::NymNetworkDetails::new_from_env();
-        let mut client_config =
-            nym_validator_client::Config::try_from_nym_network_details(&details)
-                .expect("failed to construct validator client config");
-        let nyxd_url = config
-            .get_base()
-            .get_validator_endpoints()
-            .pop()
-            .expect("No nyxd validator endpoint provided");
-        let api_url = config
-            .get_base()
-            .get_nym_api_endpoints()
-            .pop()
-            .expect("No validator api endpoint provided");
-        // overwrite env configuration with config URLs
-        client_config = client_config.with_urls(nyxd_url, api_url);
-        let client = nym_validator_client::Client::new_query(client_config)
-            .expect("Could not construct query client");
-        BandwidthController::new(
-            nym_credential_storage::initialise_persistent_storage(
-                config.get_base().get_database_path(),
-            )
-            .await,
-            client,
+        let storage = nym_credential_storage::initialise_persistent_storage(
+            config.get_base().get_database_path(),
        )
+        .await;
+
+        create_bandwidth_controller(config.get_base(), storage)
    }

    fn start_websocket_listener(
@@ -94,6 +64,7 @@ impl SocketClient {
        client_state: ClientState,
        self_address: &Recipient,
        shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) {
        info!("Starting websocket listener...");

@@ -119,6 +90,7 @@ impl SocketClient {
            self_address,
            shared_lane_queue_lengths,
            reply_controller_sender,
+            Some(packet_type),
        );

        websocket::Listener::new(config.get_listening_ip(), config.get_listening_port())
@@ -134,11 +106,13 @@ impl SocketClient {
        res
    }

-    pub async fn start_socket(self) -> Result<TaskManager, ClientError> {
-        if !self.config.get_socket_type().is_websocket() {
-            return Err(ClientError::InvalidSocketMode);
-        }
+    fn key_store(&self) -> OnDiskKeys {
+        let pathfinder = ClientKeyPathfinder::new_from_config(self.config.get_base());
+        OnDiskKeys::new(pathfinder)
+    }

+    // TODO: see if this could also be shared with socks5 client / nym-sdk maybe
+    async fn create_base_client_builder(&self) -> Result<NativeClientBuilder, ClientError> {
        // don't create bandwidth controller if credentials are disabled
        let bandwidth_controller = if self.config.get_base().get_disabled_credentials_mode() {
            None
@@ -146,19 +120,29 @@ impl SocketClient {
            Some(Self::create_bandwidth_controller(&self.config).await)
        };

-        let base_builder = BaseClientBuilder::new_from_base_config(
+        let base_client = BaseClientBuilder::new_from_base_config(
            self.config.get_base(),
-            self.key_manager,
+            self.key_store(),
            bandwidth_controller,
            non_wasm_helpers::setup_fs_reply_surb_backend(
-                Some(self.config.get_base().get_reply_surb_database_path()),
-                self.config.get_debug_settings(),
+                self.config.get_base().get_reply_surb_database_path(),
+                &self.config.get_debug_settings().reply_surbs,
            )
            .await?,
        );

-        let self_address = base_builder.as_mix_recipient();
-        let mut started_client = base_builder.start_base().await?;
+        Ok(base_client)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn start_socket(self) -> Result<TaskManager, ClientError> {
+        if !self.config.get_socket_type().is_websocket() {
+            return Err(ClientError::InvalidSocketMode);
+        }
+
+        let base_builder = self.create_base_client_builder().await?;
+        let packet_type = self.config.get_base().get_packet_type();
+        let mut started_client = base_builder.start_base(packet_type).await?;
+        let self_address = started_client.address;
        let client_input = started_client.client_input.register_producer();
        let client_output = started_client.client_output.register_consumer();
        let client_state = started_client.client_state;
@@ -170,10 +154,11 @@ impl SocketClient {
            client_state,
            &self_address,
            started_client.task_manager.subscribe(),
+            packet_type,
        );

        info!("Client startup finished!");
-        info!("The address of this client is: {}", self_address);
+        info!("The address of this client is: {self_address}");

        Ok(started_client.task_manager)
    }
@@ -183,27 +168,10 @@ impl SocketClient {
            return Err(ClientError::InvalidSocketMode);
        }

-        // don't create bandwidth controller if credentials are disabled
-        let bandwidth_controller = if self.config.get_base().get_disabled_credentials_mode() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(Self::create_bandwidth_controller(&self.config).await)
-        };
-
-        let base_client = BaseClientBuilder::new_from_base_config(
-            self.config.get_base(),
-            self.key_manager,
-            bandwidth_controller,
-            non_wasm_helpers::setup_fs_reply_surb_backend(
-                Some(self.config.get_base().get_reply_surb_database_path()),
-                self.config.get_debug_settings(),
-            )
-            .await?,
-        );
-
-        let address = base_client.as_mix_recipient();
-
-        let mut started_client = base_client.start_base().await?;
+        let base_builder = self.create_base_client_builder().await?;
+        let packet_type = self.config.get_base().get_packet_type();
+        let mut started_client = base_builder.start_base(packet_type).await?;
+        let address = started_client.address;
        let client_input = started_client.client_input.register_producer();
        let client_output = started_client.client_output.register_consumer();

@@ -224,6 +192,7 @@ impl SocketClient {
            reconstructed_receiver,
            address,
            shutdown_notifier: started_client.task_manager,
+            packet_type,
        })
    }
 }
@@ -237,6 +206,7 @@ pub struct DirectClient {

    // we need to keep reference to this guy otherwise things will start dropping
    shutdown_notifier: TaskManager,
+    packet_type: PacketType,
 }

 impl DirectClient {
@@ -257,7 +227,7 @@ impl DirectClient {
    /// well enough in local tests)
    pub async fn send_regular_message(&mut self, recipient: Recipient, message: Vec<u8>) {
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;
-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane, Some(self.packet_type));

        self.client_input
            .input_sender
@@ -276,7 +246,13 @@ impl DirectClient {
        reply_surbs: u32,
    ) {
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;
-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_anonymous(recipient, message, reply_surbs, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_anonymous(
+            recipient,
+            message,
+            reply_surbs,
+            lane,
+            Some(self.packet_type),
+        );

        self.client_input
            .input_sender
@@ -290,7 +266,8 @@ impl DirectClient {
    /// well enough in local tests)
    pub async fn send_reply(&mut self, recipient_tag: AnonymousSenderTag, message: Vec<u8>) {
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;
-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_reply(recipient_tag, message, lane);
+        let input_msg =
+            InputMessage::new_reply(recipient_tag, message, lane, Some(self.packet_type));

        self.client_input
            .input_sender
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use clap::Args;
 use nym_bin_common::output_format::OutputFormat;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::persistence::OnDiskKeys;
 use nym_config::NymConfig;
-use nym_credential_storage::persistent_storage::PersistentStorage;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use serde::Serialize;
@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Init) -> Result<(), ClientError> {

    // Setup gateway by either registering a new one, or creating a new config from the selected
    // one but with keys kept, or reusing the gateway configuration.
-    let gateway = nym_client_core::init::setup_gateway_from_config::<Config, _, PersistentStorage>(
+    let key_store = OnDiskKeys::from_config(config.get_base());
+    let gateway = nym_client_core::init::setup_gateway_from_config::<Config, _, _>(
+        &key_store,
        register_gateway,
        user_chosen_gateway_id,
        config.get_base(),
@@ -169,7 +171,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Init) -> Result<(), ClientError> {

    print_saved_config(&config);

-    let address = nym_client_core::init::get_client_address_from_stored_keys(config.get_base())?;
+    let address =
+        nym_client_core::init::get_client_address_from_stored_ondisk_keys(config.get_base())?;
    let init_results = InitResults::new(&config, &address);
    println!("{}", args.output.format(&init_results));

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use nym_client_core::client::{
 use nym_client_websocket_requests::{requests::ClientRequest, responses::ServerResponse};
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_sphinx::receiver::ReconstructedMessage;
 use nym_task::connections::{
    ConnectionCommand, ConnectionCommandSender, ConnectionId, LaneQueueLengths, TransmissionLane,
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) struct HandlerBuilder {
    self_full_address: Recipient,
    lane_queue_lengths: LaneQueueLengths,
    reply_controller_sender: ReplyControllerSender,
+    packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 impl HandlerBuilder {
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ impl HandlerBuilder {
        self_full_address: &Recipient,
        lane_queue_lengths: LaneQueueLengths,
        reply_controller_sender: ReplyControllerSender,
+        packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            msg_input,
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ impl HandlerBuilder {
            self_full_address: *self_full_address,
            lane_queue_lengths,
            reply_controller_sender,
+            packet_type,
        }
    }

@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ impl HandlerBuilder {
            received_response_type: Default::default(),
            lane_queue_lengths: self.lane_queue_lengths.clone(),
            reply_controller_sender: self.reply_controller_sender.clone(),
+            packet_type: self.packet_type,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -86,6 +91,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Handler {
    received_response_type: ReceivedResponseType,
    lane_queue_lengths: LaneQueueLengths,
    reply_controller_sender: ReplyControllerSender,
+    packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 impl Drop for Handler {
@@ -160,7 +166,7 @@ impl Handler {
        });

        // the ack control is now responsible for chunking, etc.
-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.msg_input
            .send(input_msg)
            .await
@@ -191,7 +197,8 @@ impl Handler {
            TransmissionLane::ConnectionId(id)
        });

-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_anonymous(recipient, message, reply_surbs, lane);
+        let input_msg =
+            InputMessage::new_anonymous(recipient, message, reply_surbs, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.msg_input
            .send(input_msg)
            .await
@@ -218,7 +225,7 @@ impl Handler {
            TransmissionLane::ConnectionId(id)
        });

-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_reply(recipient_tag, message, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_reply(recipient_tag, message, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.msg_input
            .send(input_msg)
            .await
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "nym-socks5-client"
-version = "1.1.15"
+version = "1.1.19"
 authors = ["Dave Hrycyszyn <futurechimp@users.noreply.github.com>"]
 description = "A SOCKS5 localhost proxy that converts incoming messages to Sphinx and sends them to a Nym address"
 edition = "2021"
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use clap::Args;
 use nym_bin_common::output_format::OutputFormat;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::persistence::OnDiskKeys;
 use nym_config::NymConfig;
-use nym_credential_storage::persistent_storage::PersistentStorage;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
 use nym_socks5_client_core::config::Config;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ impl From<Init> for OverrideConfig {
            no_cover: init_config.no_cover,
            nyxd_urls: init_config.nyxd_urls,
            enabled_credentials_mode: init_config.enabled_credentials_mode,
+            outfox: false,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -158,7 +159,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Init) -> Result<(), Socks5ClientError> {

    // Setup gateway by either registering a new one, or creating a new config from the selected
    // one but with keys kept, or reusing the gateway configuration.
-    let gateway = nym_client_core::init::setup_gateway_from_config::<Config, _, PersistentStorage>(
+    let key_store = OnDiskKeys::from_config(config.get_base());
+    let gateway = nym_client_core::init::setup_gateway_from_config::<Config, _, _>(
+        &key_store,
        register_gateway,
        user_chosen_gateway_id,
        config.get_base(),
@@ -177,7 +180,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Init) -> Result<(), Socks5ClientError> {

    print_saved_config(&config);

-    let address = nym_client_core::init::get_client_address_from_stored_keys(config.get_base())?;
+    let address =
+        nym_client_core::init::get_client_address_from_stored_ondisk_keys(config.get_base())?;
    let init_results = InitResults::new(&config, &address);
    println!("{}", args.output.format(&init_results));

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use nym_bin_common::completions::{fig_generate, ArgShell};
 use nym_config::{NymConfig, OptionalSet};
 use nym_socks5_client_core::config::old_config_v1_1_13::OldConfigV1_1_13;
 use nym_socks5_client_core::config::{BaseConfig, Config};
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use std::error::Error;

 pub mod init;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ pub(crate) struct OverrideConfig {
    no_cover: bool,
    nyxd_urls: Option<Vec<url::Url>>,
    enabled_credentials_mode: Option<bool>,
+    outfox: bool,
 }

 pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Cli) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
@@ -80,9 +82,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Cli) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Syn
 }

 pub(crate) fn override_config(config: Config, args: OverrideConfig) -> Config {
+    let packet_type = if args.outfox {
+        PacketType::Outfox
+    } else {
+        PacketType::Mix
+    };
    config
        .with_base(BaseConfig::with_high_default_traffic_volume, args.fastmode)
        .with_base(BaseConfig::with_disabled_cover_traffic, args.no_cover)
+        .with_base(BaseConfig::with_packet_type, packet_type)
        .with_optional(Config::with_anonymous_replies, args.use_anonymous_replies)
        .with_optional(Config::with_port, args.port)
        .with_optional_custom_env_ext(
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
 use clap::Args;
 use log::*;
 use nym_bin_common::version_checker::is_minor_version_compatible;
+use nym_client_core::client::base_client::storage::OnDiskPersistent;
 use nym_config::NymConfig;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
 use nym_socks5_client_core::{config::Config, NymClient};
@@ -67,6 +68,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Run {
    /// with bandwidth credential requirement.
    #[clap(long, hide = true)]
    enabled_credentials_mode: Option<bool>,
+
+    #[clap(long, hide = true, action)]
+    outfox: bool,
 }

 impl From<Run> for OverrideConfig {
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ impl From<Run> for OverrideConfig {
            no_cover: run_config.no_cover,
            nyxd_urls: run_config.nyxd_urls,
            enabled_credentials_mode: run_config.enabled_credentials_mode,
+            outfox: run_config.outfox,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -138,5 +143,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn execute(args: &Run) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error
        return Err(Box::new(Socks5ClientError::FailedLocalVersionCheck));
    }

-    NymClient::new(config).run_forever().await
+    let storage = OnDiskPersistent::from_config(config.get_base()).await?;
+    NymClient::new(config, storage).run_forever().await
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,14 @@ import {
  StakeSaturationResponse,
  UnbondedMixnodeResponse,
  VestingAccountInfo,
-  ContractState, VestingAccountsCoinPaged, VestingAccountsPaged, DelegationTimes, Delegations, Period, VestingAccountNode, DelegationBlock
+  ContractState,
+  VestingAccountsCoinPaged,
+  VestingAccountsPaged,
+  DelegationTimes,
+  Delegations,
+  Period,
+  VestingAccountNode,
+  DelegationBlock,
 } from '@nymproject/types';
 import QueryClient from './query-client';
 import SigningClient, { ISigningClient } from './signing-client';
@@ -207,7 +214,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let mixNodes: UnbondedMixnodeResponse[] = [];
    const limit = 50;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedUnbondedMixnodesResponse = await this.client.getUnbondedMixNodes(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -230,7 +237,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let mixNodes: MixNodeBond[] = [];
    const limit = 50;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedMixNodeBondResponse = await this.client.getMixNodeBonds(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -252,7 +259,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let mixNodes: MixNodeDetails[] = [];
    const limit = 50;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedMixNodeDetailsResponse = await this.client.getMixNodesDetailed(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -284,7 +291,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let delegations: Delegation[] = [];
    const limit = 250;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedMixDelegationsResponse = await this.client.getMixNodeDelegationsPaged(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -307,7 +314,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let delegations: Delegation[] = [];
    const limit = 250;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedDelegatorDelegationsResponse = await this.client.getDelegatorDelegationsPaged(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -330,7 +337,7 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    let delegations: Delegation[] = [];
    const limit = 250;
    let startAfter;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
      const pagedResponse: PagedAllDelegationsResponse = await this.client.getAllDelegationsPaged(
        this.mixnetContract,
@@ -518,11 +525,9 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
    return (this.client as ISigningClient).updateContractStateParams(this.mixnetContract, newParams, fee, memo);
  }

-
-  // VESTING 
+  // VESTING
  // TODO - MOVE TO A DIFFERENT FILE

-
  public async getVestingAccountsPaged(): Promise<VestingAccountsPaged> {
    return this.client.getVestingAccountsPaged(this.vestingContract);
  }
@@ -608,9 +613,9 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
  }

  public async getDelegation(address: string, mix_id: number): Promise<DelegationBlock> {
-    return this.client.getDelegation(this.vestingContract, address, mix_id );
+    return this.client.getDelegation(this.vestingContract, address, mix_id);
  }
- 
+
  public async getTotalDelegationAmount(address: string, mix_id: number, block_timestamp_sec: number): Promise<Coin> {
    return this.client.getTotalDelegationAmount(this.vestingContract, address, mix_id, block_timestamp_sec);
  }
@@ -618,4 +623,10 @@ export default class ValidatorClient implements INymClient {
  public async getCurrentVestingPeriod(address: string): Promise<Period> {
    return this.client.getCurrentVestingPeriod(this.vestingContract, address);
  }
+
+  // SIMULATE
+
+  public async simulateSend(signingAddress: string, from: string, to: string, amount: Coin[]) {
+    return (this.client as SigningClient).simulateSend(signingAddress, from, to, amount);
+  }
 }
@@ -40,9 +40,18 @@ import {
  RewardingParams,
  UnbondedMixnodeResponse,
  VestingAccountInfo,
-  ContractState, VestingAccountsCoinPaged, VestingAccountsPaged, DelegationTimes, Delegations, Period, VestingAccountNode, DelegationBlock
+  ContractState,
+  VestingAccountsCoinPaged,
+  VestingAccountsPaged,
+  DelegationTimes,
+  Delegations,
+  Period,
+  VestingAccountNode,
+  DelegationBlock,
 } from '@nymproject/types';
 import NymApiQuerier from './nym-api-querier';
+import { makeBankMsgSend } from './utils';
+import { ISimulateClient } from './types/simulate';

 // methods exposed by `SigningCosmWasmClient`
 export interface ICosmWasmSigning {
@@ -148,7 +157,7 @@ export interface INymSigning {
  clientAddress: string;
 }

-export interface ISigningClient extends IQueryClient, ICosmWasmSigning, INymSigning {
+export interface ISigningClient extends IQueryClient, ICosmWasmSigning, INymSigning, ISimulateClient {
  bondMixNode(
    mixnetContractAddress: string,
    mixNode: MixNode,
@@ -511,11 +520,11 @@ export default class SigningClient extends SigningCosmWasmClient implements ISig
    );
  }

-  // vesting related 
+  // vesting related

  getVestingAccountsPaged(vestingContractAddress: string): Promise<VestingAccountsPaged> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getVestingAccountsPaged(vestingContractAddress);
-  };
+  }

  getVestingAmountsAccountsPaged(vestingContractAddress: string): Promise<VestingAccountsCoinPaged> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getVestingAmountsAccountsPaged(vestingContractAddress);
@@ -569,7 +578,10 @@ export default class SigningClient extends SigningCosmWasmClient implements ISig
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getEndTime(vestingContractAddress, vestingAccountAddress);
  }

-  getOriginalVestingDetails(vestingContractAddress: string, vestingAccountAddress: string): Promise<OriginalVestingResponse> {
+  getOriginalVestingDetails(
+    vestingContractAddress: string,
+    vestingAccountAddress: string,
+  ): Promise<OriginalVestingResponse> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getOriginalVestingDetails(vestingContractAddress, vestingAccountAddress);
  }

@@ -589,7 +601,11 @@ export default class SigningClient extends SigningCosmWasmClient implements ISig
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getGateway(vestingContractAddress, address);
  }

-  getDelegationTimes(vestingContractAddress: string, mix_id: number, delegatorAddress: string): Promise<DelegationTimes> {
+  getDelegationTimes(
+    vestingContractAddress: string,
+    mix_id: number,
+    delegatorAddress: string,
+  ): Promise<DelegationTimes> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getDelegationTimes(vestingContractAddress, mix_id, delegatorAddress);
  }

@@ -597,15 +613,38 @@ export default class SigningClient extends SigningCosmWasmClient implements ISig
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getAllDelegations(vestingContractAddress);
  }

-  getDelegation(vestingContractAddress: string, vestingAccountAddress: string, mix_id: number): Promise<DelegationBlock> {
+  getDelegation(
+    vestingContractAddress: string,
+    vestingAccountAddress: string,
+    mix_id: number,
+  ): Promise<DelegationBlock> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getDelegation(vestingContractAddress, vestingAccountAddress, mix_id);
  }

-  getTotalDelegationAmount(vestingContractAddress: string, vestingAccountAddress: string, mix_id: number, block_timestamp_sec: number): Promise<Coin> {
-    return this.nyxdQuerier.getTotalDelegationAmount(vestingContractAddress, vestingAccountAddress, mix_id, block_timestamp_sec);
+  getTotalDelegationAmount(
+    vestingContractAddress: string,
+    vestingAccountAddress: string,
+    mix_id: number,
+    block_timestamp_sec: number,
+  ): Promise<Coin> {
+    return this.nyxdQuerier.getTotalDelegationAmount(
+      vestingContractAddress,
+      vestingAccountAddress,
+      mix_id,
+      block_timestamp_sec,
+    );
  }

  getCurrentVestingPeriod(vestingContractAddress: string, address: string): Promise<Period> {
    return this.nyxdQuerier.getCurrentVestingPeriod(vestingContractAddress, address);
  }
+
+  // simulation
+
+  // TODO consider adding multipling factor
+
+  simulateSend(signingAddress: string, from: string, to: string, amount: Coin[]) {
+    const sendMsg = makeBankMsgSend(from, to, amount);
+    return this.simulate(signingAddress, [sendMsg], 'simulate send tx');
+  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import expect from 'expect';
+import ValidatorClient from '../..';
+
+const dotenv = require('dotenv');
+
+dotenv.config();
+
+// TODO: implement for QA with .env for mnemonics
+describe('Simualtions', () => {
+  let client: ValidatorClient;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    client = await ValidatorClient.connect(
+      process.env.mnemonic || '',
+      process.env.rpcAddress || '',
+      process.env.validatorAddress || '',
+      process.env.prefix || '',
+      process.env.mixnetContractAddress || '',
+      process.env.vestingContractAddress || '',
+      process.env.denom || '',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('can simulate sending tokens', async () => {
+    const res = await client.simulateSend(client.address, client.address, client.address, [
+      { amount: '400000', denom: 'unym' },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(typeof res).toBe('number');
+  }).timeout(10000);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { Coin } from '@cosmjs/proto-signing';
+
+export interface ISimulateClient {
+  simulateSend(signingAddress: string, from: string, to: string, amount: Coin[]): Promise<number>;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[build]
+target = "wasm32-unknown-unknown"
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /target
 **/*.rs.bk
-Cargo.lock
 bin/
 pkg/
 wasm-pack.log
@@ -17,29 +17,39 @@ default = ["console_error_panic_hook"]
 offline-test = []

 [dependencies]
+async-trait = "0.1.68"
+bs58 = "0.4.0"
 futures = "0.3"
 js-sys = "0.3"
 rand = { version = "0.7.3", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] }
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-serde-wasm-bindgen = "0.4"
+serde-wasm-bindgen = "0.5"
 tokio = { version = "1.24.1", features = ["sync"] }
 url = "2.2"
 wasm-bindgen = { version = "=0.2.83", features = ["serde-serialize"]  }
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
+thiserror = "1.0.40"
+zeroize = "1.6.0"
+
+wasm-timer = { git = "https://github.com/mmsinclair/wasm-timer", rev = "b9d1a54ad514c2f230a026afe0dde341e98cd7b6"}

 # internal
+nym-node-tester-utils = { path = "../../common/node-tester-utils" }
 nym-client-core = { path = "../../common/client-core", default-features = false, features = ["wasm"] }
 nym-bandwidth-controller = { path = "../../common/bandwidth-controller" }
 nym-coconut-interface = { path = "../../common/coconut-interface" }
 nym-credentials = { path = "../../common/credentials" }
 nym-credential-storage = { path = "../../common/credential-storage" }
-nym-crypto = { path = "../../common/crypto" }
+nym-crypto = { path = "../../common/crypto", features = ["asymmetric", "serde"] }
 nym-sphinx = { path = "../../common/nymsphinx" }
+nym-sphinx-acknowledgements = { path = "../../common/nymsphinx/acknowledgements", features = ["serde"]}
+nym-topology = { path = "../../common/topology" }
+nym-gateway-client = { path = "../../common/client-libs/gateway-client", default-features = false, features = ["wasm"] }
 nym-validator-client = { path = "../../common/client-libs/validator-client", default-features = false }
-wasm-utils = { path = "../../common/wasm-utils" }
 nym-task = { path = "../../common/task" }
+wasm-utils = { path = "../../common/wasm-utils", features = ["storage"], default-features = false }
 # The `console_error_panic_hook` crate provides better debugging of panics by
 # logging them with `console.error`. This is great for development, but requires
 # all the `std::fmt` and `std::panicking` infrastructure, so isn't great for
@@ -57,7 +67,7 @@ wee_alloc = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
 wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"

 [package.metadata.wasm-pack.profile.release]
-wasm-opt = true
+wasm-opt = false

 [profile.release]
 lto = true
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+node_modules
+dist
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// A dependency graph that contains any wasm must all be imported
+// asynchronously. This `bootstrap.js` file does the single async import, so
+// that no one else needs to worry about it again.
+import('./index.js')
+    .catch(e => console.error('Error importing `index.js`:', e));
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Nym WebAssembly Demo</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<p>
+    <label>Sender: </label><input disabled="true" size="85" type="text" id="sender" value="">
+</p>
+
+<p>
+    <label>Recipient: </label><input size="85" type="text" id="recipient" value="">
+</p>
+<p>
+    <label>Message: </label><input type="text" id="message" value="Hello mixnet!">
+</p>
+<p>
+    <button id="send-button">Send</button>
+</p>
+
+<div>
+    <label>Mixnode Identity: </label>
+    <input type="text" size = "60" id="mixnode_identity" value="...">
+    <button id="magic-button">✨ Magic Test Button ✨</button>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Send messages from your browser, through the mixnet, and to the recipient using the "send" button.</p>
+<p><span style='color: blue;'>Sent</span> messages show in blue, <span style='color: green;'>received</span>
+    messages show in green.</p>
+
+<hr>
+<p>
+    <span id="output"></span>
+</p>
+<script src="./bootstrap.js"></script>
+</body>
+
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Copyright 2020-2023 Nym Technologies SA
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+class WebWorkerClient {
+    worker = null;
+
+    constructor() {
+        this.worker = new Worker('./worker.js');
+
+        this.worker.onmessage = (ev) => {
+            if (ev.data && ev.data.kind) {
+                switch (ev.data.kind) {
+                    case 'Ready':
+                        const {selfAddress} = ev.data.args;
+                        displaySenderAddress(selfAddress);
+                        break;
+                    case 'ReceiveMessage':
+                        const {message, senderTag, isTestPacket } = ev.data.args;
+                        displayReceived(message, senderTag, isTestPacket);
+                        break;
+                    case 'DisableMagicTestButton':
+                        const magicButton = document.querySelector('#magic-button');
+                        magicButton.setAttribute('disabled', "true")
+                        break;
+                    case 'DisplayTesterResults':
+                        const {score, sentPackets, receivedPackets, receivedAcks, duplicatePackets, duplicateAcks} = ev.data.args;
+                        const resultText = `Test score: ${score}. Sent ${sentPackets} packets. Received ${receivedPackets} packets and ${receivedAcks} acks back. We also got ${duplicatePackets} duplicate packets and ${duplicateAcks} duplicate acks.`
+                        displayReceivedRawString(resultText)
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    sendMessage = (message, recipient) => {
+        if (!this.worker) {
+            console.error('Could not send message because worker does not exist');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.worker.postMessage({
+            kind: 'SendMessage',
+            args: {
+                message, recipient,
+            },
+        });
+    };
+
+    sendTestPacket = (mixnodeIdentity) => {
+        if (!this.worker) {
+            console.error('Could not send message because worker does not exist');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.worker.postMessage({
+            kind: 'TestPacket',
+            args: {
+                mixnodeIdentity,
+            },
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+let client = null;
+
+async function main() {
+    client = new WebWorkerClient();
+
+    const sendButton = document.querySelector('#send-button');
+    sendButton.onclick = function () {
+        sendMessageTo();
+    };
+
+    const magicButton = document.querySelector('#magic-button');
+    magicButton.onclick = function () {
+        sendTestPacket();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Sphinx packet and send it to the mixnet through the gateway node.
+ *
+ * Message and recipient are taken from the values in the user interface.
+ *
+ */
+async function sendMessageTo() {
+    const message = document.getElementById('message').value;
+    const recipient = document.getElementById('recipient').value;
+
+    await client.sendMessage(message, recipient);
+    displaySend(message);
+}
+
+async function sendTestPacket() {
+    const mixnodeIdentity = document.getElementById('mixnode_identity').value;
+
+    await client.sendTestPacket(mixnodeIdentity)
+    displaySend(`sending test packets to: ${mixnodeIdentity}...`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Display messages that have been sent up the websocket. Colours them blue.
+ *
+ * @param {string} message
+ */
+function displaySend(message) {
+    let timestamp = new Date().toISOString().substr(11, 12);
+
+    let sendDiv = document.createElement('div');
+    let paragraph = document.createElement('p');
+    paragraph.setAttribute('style', 'color: blue');
+    let paragraphContent = document.createTextNode(timestamp + ' sent >>> ' + message);
+    paragraph.appendChild(paragraphContent);
+
+    sendDiv.appendChild(paragraph);
+    document.getElementById('output').appendChild(sendDiv);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Display received text messages in the browser. Colour them green.
+ *
+ * @param {Uint8Array} raw
+ */
+function displayReceived(raw, sender_tag, isTestPacket) {
+    let content = new TextDecoder().decode(raw);
+    if (sender_tag !== undefined) {
+        console.log("this message also contained some surbs from", sender_tag)
+    }
+
+    if (isTestPacket) {
+        const decoded = JSON.parse(content)
+        content = `Received packet ${decoded.msg_id} / ${decoded.total_msgs} for node ${decoded.encoded_node_identity} (test: ${decoded.test_id})`
+    }
+
+    displayReceivedRawString(content)
+}
+
+
+function displayReceivedRawString(raw) {
+    let timestamp = new Date().toISOString().substr(11, 12);
+    let receivedDiv = document.createElement('div');
+    let paragraph = document.createElement('p');
+    paragraph.setAttribute('style', 'color: green');
+    let paragraphContent = document.createTextNode(timestamp + ' received >>> ' + raw);
+    paragraph.appendChild(paragraphContent);
+    receivedDiv.appendChild(paragraph);
+    document.getElementById('output').appendChild(receivedDiv);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Display the nymClient's sender address in the user interface
+ *
+ * @param {String} address
+ */
+function displaySenderAddress(address) {
+    document.getElementById('sender').value = address;
+}
+
+main();
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "name": "create-wasm-app",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "description": "create an app to consume rust-generated wasm packages",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "bin": {
+    "create-wasm-app": ".bin/create-wasm-app.js"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "webpack --config webpack.config.js",
+    "start": "webpack-dev-server --port 8001"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/rustwasm/create-wasm-app.git"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "webassembly",
+    "wasm",
+    "rust",
+    "webpack"
+  ],
+  "author": "Dave Hrycyszyn <futurechimp@users.noreply.github.com>",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/nymtech/nym/issues"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://nymtech.net/docs",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^10.2.4",
+    "hello-wasm-pack": "^0.1.0",
+    "webpack": "^5.70.0",
+    "webpack-cli": "^4.9.2",
+    "webpack-dev-server": "^4.7.4"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@nymproject/nym-client-wasm": "file:../pkg"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
+const path = require('path');
+
+module.exports = {
+    performance: {
+        hints: false,
+        maxEntrypointSize: 512000,
+        maxAssetSize: 512000
+    },
+    entry: {
+        bootstrap: './bootstrap.js',
+        worker: './worker.js',
+    },
+    output: {
+        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
+        filename: '[name].js',
+    },
+    // mode: 'development',
+    mode: 'production',
+    plugins: [
+        new CopyWebpackPlugin({
+            patterns: [
+                'index.html',
+                {
+                    from: 'node_modules/@nymproject/nym-client-wasm/*.(js|wasm)',
+                    to: '[name][ext]',
+                },
+            ],
+        }),
+
+    ],
+    experiments: { syncWebAssembly: true },
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Copyright 2020-2023 Nym Technologies SA
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+importScripts('nym_client_wasm.js');
+
+console.log('Initializing worker');
+
+// wasm_bindgen creates a global variable (with the exports attached) that is in scope after `importScripts`
+const {
+    NymNodeTester,
+    WasmGateway,
+    WasmMixNode,
+    WasmNymTopology,
+    default_debug,
+    NymClientBuilder,
+    NymClient,
+    set_panic_hook,
+    Config,
+    GatewayEndpointConfig,
+    ClientStorage,
+    current_network_topology,
+    make_key,
+    make_key2
+} = wasm_bindgen;
+
+let client = null;
+let tester = null;
+
+function dummyTopology() {
+    const l1Mixnode = new WasmMixNode(
+        1,
+        'n1fzv4jc7fanl9s0qj02ge2ezk3kts545kjtek47',
+        '178.79.143.65',
+        1789,
+        '4Yr4qmEHd9sgsuQ83191FR2hD88RfsbMmB4tzhhZWriz',
+        '8ndjk5oZ6HxUZNScLJJ7hk39XtUqGexdKgW7hSX6kpWG',
+        1,
+        '1.10.0',
+    );
+    const l2Mixnode = new WasmMixNode(
+        2,
+        'n1z93z44vf8ssvdhujjvxcj4rd5e3lz0l60wdk70',
+        '109.74.197.180',
+        1789,
+        '7sVjiMrPYZrDWRujku9QLxgE8noT7NTgBAqizCsu7AoK',
+        'GepXwRnKZDd8x2nBWAajGGBVvF3mrpVMQBkgfrGuqRCN',
+        2,
+        '1.10.0',
+    );
+    const l3Mixnode = new WasmMixNode(
+        3,
+        'n1ptg680vnmef2cd8l0s9uyc4f0hgf3x8sed6w77',
+        '176.58.101.80',
+        1789,
+        'FoM5Mx9Pxk1g3zEqkS3APgtBeTtTo3M8k7Yu4bV6kK1R',
+        'DeYjrDC2AcQRVFshiKnbUo6bRvPyZ33QGYR2DLeFJ9qD',
+        3,
+        '1.10.0',
+    );
+
+    const gateway = new WasmGateway(
+        'n16evnn8glr0sham3matj8rg2s24m6x56ayk87ts',
+        '85.159.212.96',
+        1789,
+        9000,
+        '336yuXAeGEgedRfqTJZsG2YV7P13QH1bHv1SjCZYarc9',
+        'BtYjoWihiuFihGKQypmpSspbhmWDPxzqeTVSd8ciCpWL',
+        '1.10.1',
+    );
+
+    const mixnodes = new Map();
+    mixnodes.set(1, [l1Mixnode]);
+    mixnodes.set(2, [l2Mixnode]);
+    mixnodes.set(3, [l3Mixnode]);
+
+
+    const gateways = [gateway];
+
+    return new WasmNymTopology(mixnodes, gateways)
+}
+
+function printAndDisplayTestResult(result) {
+    result.log_details();
+
+    self.postMessage({
+        kind: 'DisplayTesterResults',
+        args: {
+            score: result.score(),
+            sentPackets: result.sent_packets,
+            receivedPackets: result.received_packets,
+            receivedAcks: result.received_acks,
+            duplicatePackets: result.duplicate_packets,
+            duplicateAcks: result.duplicate_acks,
+        },
+    });
+}
+
+async function testWithTester() {
+    const dummyGateway = "336yuXAeGEgedRfqTJZsG2YV7P13QH1bHv1SjCZYarc9";
+
+    // A) construct with hardcoded topology
+    const topology = dummyTopology()
+    const nodeTester = await new NymNodeTester(topology, dummyGateway);
+
+    // B) first get topology directly from nym-api
+    // const validator = 'https://qwerty-validator-api.qa.nymte.ch/api';
+    // const topology = await current_network_topology(validator)
+    // const nodeTester = await new NymNodeTester(topology, dummyGateway);
+    //
+    // C) use nym-api in the constructor (note: it does no filtering for 'good' nodes on other layers)
+    // const validator = 'https://qwerty-validator-api.qa.nymte.ch/api';
+    // const nodeTester = await NymNodeTester.new_with_api(validator, dummyGateway)
+
+    // D, E, F) you also don't have to specify the gateway. if you don't, a random one (from your topology) will be used
+    // const topology = dummyTopology()
+    // const nodeTester = await new NymNodeTester(topology);
+
+    self.onmessage = async event => {
+        if (event.data && event.data.kind) {
+            switch (event.data.kind) {
+                case 'TestPacket': {
+                    const {mixnodeIdentity} = event.data.args;
+                    console.log("starting node test...");
+
+                    let result = await nodeTester.test_node(mixnodeIdentity);
+                    printAndDisplayTestResult(result)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+async function testWithNymClient() {
+    const dummyGateway = "336yuXAeGEgedRfqTJZsG2YV7P13QH1bHv1SjCZYarc9";
+    const topology = dummyTopology()
+
+    let received = 0
+
+    const onMessageHandler = (message) => {
+        received += 1;
+        self.postMessage({
+            kind: 'ReceiveMessage',
+            args: {
+                message,
+                senderTag: undefined,
+                isTestPacket: true,
+            },
+        });
+
+        // it's really up to the user to create proper callback here...
+        console.log(`received ${received} packets so far`)
+    };
+
+    console.log('Instantiating WASM client...');
+
+    let clientBuilder = NymClientBuilder.new_tester(topology, onMessageHandler, dummyGateway)
+    console.log('Web worker creating WASM client...');
+    let local_client = await clientBuilder.start_client();
+    console.log('WASM client running!');
+
+    const selfAddress = local_client.self_address();
+
+    // set the global (I guess we don't have to anymore?)
+    client = local_client;
+
+    console.log(`Client address is ${selfAddress}`);
+    self.postMessage({
+        kind: 'Ready',
+        args: {
+            selfAddress,
+        },
+    });
+
+    // Set callback to handle messages passed to the worker.
+    self.onmessage = async event => {
+        console.log(event)
+        if (event.data && event.data.kind) {
+            switch (event.data.kind) {
+                case 'SendMessage': {
+                    const {message, recipient} = event.data.args;
+                    let uint8Array = new TextEncoder().encode(message);
+                    await client.send_regular_message(uint8Array, recipient);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'TestPacket': {
+                    const {mixnodeIdentity} = event.data.args;
+                    const req = await client.try_construct_test_packet_request(mixnodeIdentity);
+                    await client.change_hardcoded_topology(req.injectable_topology());
+                    await client.try_send_test_packets(req);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+async function normalNymClientUsage() {
+    self.postMessage({kind: 'DisableMagicTestButton'});
+
+    // only really useful if you want to adjust some settings like traffic rate
+    // (if not needed you can just pass a null)
+    const debug = default_debug();
+
+    debug.disable_main_poisson_packet_distribution = true;
+    debug.disable_loop_cover_traffic_stream = true;
+    debug.use_extended_packet_size = false;
+    // debug.average_packet_delay_ms = BigInt(10);
+    // debug.average_ack_delay_ms = BigInt(10);
+    // debug.ack_wait_addition_ms = BigInt(3000);
+    // debug.ack_wait_multiplier = 10;
+
+    debug.topology_refresh_rate_ms = BigInt(60000)
+
+    const dummyGateway = "336yuXAeGEgedRfqTJZsG2YV7P13QH1bHv1SjCZYarc9";
+    const validator = 'https://qwerty-validator-api.qa.nymte.ch/api';
+
+    const config = new Config('my-awesome-wasm-client', validator, dummyGateway, debug);
+
+    const onMessageHandler = (message) => {
+        console.log(message);
+        self.postMessage({
+            kind: 'ReceiveMessage',
+            args: {
+                message,
+            },
+        });
+    };
+
+    console.log('Instantiating WASM client...');
+
+    let localClient = await new NymClient(config, onMessageHandler)
+    console.log('WASM client running!');
+
+    const selfAddress = localClient.self_address();
+
+    // set the global (I guess we don't have to anymore?)
+    client = localClient;
+
+    console.log(`Client address is ${selfAddress}`);
+    self.postMessage({
+        kind: 'Ready',
+        args: {
+            selfAddress,
+        },
+    });
+
+    // Set callback to handle messages passed to the worker.
+    self.onmessage = async event => {
+        console.log(event)
+        if (event.data && event.data.kind) {
+            switch (event.data.kind) {
+                case 'SendMessage': {
+                    const {message, recipient} = event.data.args;
+                    let uint8Array = new TextEncoder().encode(message);
+                    await client.send_regular_message(uint8Array, recipient);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+async function messWithStorage() {
+    self.onmessage = async event => {
+        if (event.data && event.data.kind) {
+            switch (event.data.kind) {
+                case 'TestPacket': {
+                    const { mixnodeIdentity } = event.data.args;
+                    console.log("button clicked...", mixnodeIdentity);
+
+                    let id1 = "one";
+                    let id2 = "two";
+
+                    console.log("making store1 NO-ENC");
+                    let _storage1 = await ClientStorage.new_unencrypted(id1);
+
+                    console.log("making store2 ENC")
+                    let _storage2 = await new ClientStorage(id2, "my-secret-password");
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //     console.log("attempting to use store1 WITH PASSWORD")
+                    //     let _storage1_alt = await new ClientStorage(id1, "password");
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //     console.log("attempting to use store2 WITHOUT PASSWORD")
+                    //     let _storage2_alt = await ClientStorage.new_unencrypted(id2);
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //     console.log("attempting to use store2 with WRONG PASSWORD")
+                    //     let _storage2_bad = await new ClientStorage(id2, "bad-password")
+
+
+                    //
+                    // console.log("read1: ", await storage1.read());
+                    // console.log("read2: ", await storage2.read());
+                    //
+                    // console.log("store1: ", await storage1.store("FOOMP"));
+                    //
+                    // console.log("read1: ", await storage1.read());
+                    // console.log("read2: ", await storage2.read());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+
+
+
+}
+
+async function main() {
+    // load WASM package
+    await wasm_bindgen('nym_client_wasm_bg.wasm');
+    console.log('Loaded WASM');
+
+    // sets up better stack traces in case of in-rust panics
+    set_panic_hook();
+
+    // run test on simplified and dedicated tester:
+    // await testWithTester()
+
+    // hook-up the whole client for testing
+    // await testWithNymClient()
+
+    // 'Normal' client setup (to send 'normal' messages)
+    await normalNymClientUsage()
+}
+
+// Let's get started!
+main();
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2022-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 // due to expansion of #[wasm_bindgen] macro on `Debug` Config struct
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 use nym_client_core::config::{
    Acknowledgements as ConfigAcknowledgements, CoverTraffic as ConfigCoverTraffic,
    DebugConfig as ConfigDebug, GatewayConnection as ConfigGatewayConnection,
-    GatewayEndpointConfig, ReplySurbs as ConfigReplySurbs, Topology as ConfigTopology,
-    Traffic as ConfigTraffic,
+    ReplySurbs as ConfigReplySurbs, Topology as ConfigTopology, Traffic as ConfigTraffic,
 };
-use nym_sphinx::params::PacketSize;
+use nym_sphinx::params::{PacketSize, PacketType};
+use nym_validator_client::client::IdentityKey;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use url::Url;
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ pub struct Config {
    /// ID specifies the human readable ID of this particular client.
    pub(crate) id: String,

-    pub(crate) nym_api_url: Url,
+    pub(crate) nym_api_url: Option<Url>,

    pub(crate) disabled_credentials_mode: bool,

-    /// Information regarding how the client should send data to gateway.
-    pub(crate) gateway_endpoint: GatewayEndpointConfig,
+    /// Information regarding how the client should choose gateway.
+    /// If unspecified, the client will attempt to load the config from the storage.
+    pub(crate) gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,

    pub(crate) debug: ConfigDebug,
+
+    pub(crate) packet_type: PacketType,
 }

 #[wasm_bindgen]
@@ -41,17 +44,29 @@ impl Config {
    pub fn new(
        id: String,
        validator_server: String,
-        gateway_endpoint: GatewayEndpointConfig,
+        packet_type: Option<String>,
+        gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
        debug: Option<Debug>,
    ) -> Self {
+        let packet_type = if let Some(packet_type) = packet_type {
+            match packet_type.as_str() {
+                "outfox" => PacketType::Outfox,
+                _ => PacketType::Mix,
+            }
+        } else {
+            PacketType::Mix
+        };
        Config {
            id,
-            nym_api_url: validator_server
-                .parse()
-                .expect("provided url was malformed"),
+            nym_api_url: Some(
+                validator_server
+                    .parse()
+                    .expect("provided url was malformed"),
+            ),
            disabled_credentials_mode: true,
-            gateway_endpoint,
+            gateway,
            debug: debug.map(Into::into).unwrap_or_default(),
+            packet_type,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -94,6 +109,7 @@ impl From<Traffic> for ConfigTraffic {
                .disable_main_poisson_packet_distribution,
            primary_packet_size: PacketSize::RegularPacket,
            secondary_packet_size: use_extended_packet_size,
+            packet_type: None,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -229,6 +245,11 @@ pub struct Topology {
    /// path. This timeout determines waiting period until it is decided that the packet
    /// did not reach its destination.
    pub topology_resolution_timeout_ms: u64,
+
+    /// Specifies whether the client should not refresh the network topology after obtaining
+    /// the first valid instance.
+    /// Supersedes `topology_refresh_rate_ms`.
+    pub disable_refreshing: bool,
 }

 impl From<Topology> for ConfigTopology {
@@ -238,6 +259,7 @@ impl From<Topology> for ConfigTopology {
            topology_resolution_timeout: Duration::from_millis(
                topology.topology_resolution_timeout_ms,
            ),
+            disable_refreshing: topology.disable_refreshing,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -247,6 +269,7 @@ impl From<ConfigTopology> for Topology {
        Topology {
            topology_refresh_rate_ms: topology.topology_refresh_rate.as_millis() as u64,
            topology_resolution_timeout_ms: topology.topology_resolution_timeout.as_millis() as u64,
+            disable_refreshing: topology.disable_refreshing,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,16 +1,42 @@
-// Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2022-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

+use crate::error::WasmClientError;
+use crate::tester::helpers::WasmTestMessageExt;
+use crate::tester::{NodeTestMessage, DEFAULT_TEST_PACKETS};
+use crate::topology::WasmNymTopology;
 use js_sys::Promise;
-use nym_client_core::client::base_client::ClientInput;
+use nym_client_core::client::base_client::{ClientInput, ClientState};
 use nym_client_core::client::inbound_messages::InputMessage;
+use nym_topology::{MixLayer, NymTopology};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
 use wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise;
+use wasm_utils::{console_log, simple_js_error};
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct NymClientTestRequest {
+    // serialized NodeTestMessage
+    pub(crate) test_msgs: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+
+    // specially constructed network topology that only contains the target
+    // node on the tested layer
+    pub(crate) testable_topology: NymTopology,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl NymClientTestRequest {
+    pub fn injectable_topology(&self) -> WasmNymTopology {
+        self.testable_topology.clone().into()
+    }
+}

 // defining helper trait as we could directly call the method on the wrapper
 pub(crate) trait InputSender {
    fn send_message(&self, message: InputMessage) -> Promise;
+
+    fn send_messages(&self, messages: Vec<InputMessage>) -> Promise;
 }

 impl InputSender for Arc<ClientInput> {
@@ -19,12 +45,114 @@ impl InputSender for Arc<ClientInput> {
        future_to_promise(async move {
            match this.input_sender.send(message).await {
                Ok(_) => Ok(JsValue::null()),
-                Err(_) => {
-                    let js_error =
-                        js_sys::Error::new("InputMessageReceiver has stopped receiving!");
-                    Err(JsValue::from(js_error))
-                }
+                Err(_) => Err(simple_js_error(
+                    "InputMessageReceiver has stopped receiving!",
+                )),
            }
        })
    }
+
+    fn send_messages(&self, messages: Vec<InputMessage>) -> Promise {
+        let this = Arc::clone(self);
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            for message in messages {
+                if this.input_sender.send(message).await.is_err() {
+                    return Err(simple_js_error(
+                        "InputMessageReceiver has stopped receiving!",
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(JsValue::null())
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait WasmTopologyExt {
+    /// Changes the current network topology to the provided value.
+    fn change_hardcoded_topology(&self, topology: WasmNymTopology) -> Promise;
+
+    /// Returns the current network topology.
+    fn current_topology(&self) -> Promise;
+
+    /// Checks whether the provided node exists in the known network topology and if so, returns its layer.
+    fn check_for_mixnode_existence(&self, mixnode_identity: String) -> Promise;
+
+    /// Creates a `NymClientTestRequest` with a variant of `this` topology where the target node is the only one on its layer.
+    fn mix_test_request(
+        &self,
+        test_id: u32,
+        mixnode_identity: String,
+        num_test_packets: Option<u32>,
+    ) -> Promise;
+}
+
+impl WasmTopologyExt for Arc<ClientState> {
+    fn change_hardcoded_topology(&self, topology: WasmNymTopology) -> Promise {
+        let this = Arc::clone(self);
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            let nym_topology: NymTopology = topology.into();
+            console_log!("changing topology to {nym_topology:?}");
+            this.topology_accessor
+                .manually_change_topology(nym_topology)
+                .await;
+            Ok(JsValue::null())
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn current_topology(&self) -> Promise {
+        let this = Arc::clone(self);
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            match this.topology_accessor.current_topology().await {
+                Some(topology) => Ok(JsValue::from(WasmNymTopology::from(topology))),
+                None => Err(WasmClientError::UnavailableNetworkTopology.into()),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Checks whether the target mixnode exists in the known network topology and returns its layer.
+    fn check_for_mixnode_existence(&self, mixnode_identity: String) -> Promise {
+        let this = Arc::clone(self);
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            let Some(current_topology) = this.topology_accessor.current_topology().await else {
+                return Err(WasmClientError::UnavailableNetworkTopology.into())
+            };
+
+            match current_topology.find_mix_by_identity(&mixnode_identity) {
+                None => Err(WasmClientError::NonExistentMixnode { mixnode_identity }.into()),
+                Some(node) => Ok(JsValue::from(MixLayer::from(node.layer))),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn mix_test_request(
+        &self,
+        test_id: u32,
+        mixnode_identity: String,
+        num_test_packets: Option<u32>,
+    ) -> Promise {
+        let num_test_packets = num_test_packets.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_TEST_PACKETS);
+
+        let this = Arc::clone(self);
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            let Some(current_topology) = this.topology_accessor.current_topology().await else {
+                return Err(WasmClientError::UnavailableNetworkTopology.into())
+            };
+
+            let Some(mix) = current_topology.find_mix_by_identity(&mixnode_identity) else {
+                return Err(WasmClientError::NonExistentMixnode { mixnode_identity }.into());
+            };
+
+            let ext = WasmTestMessageExt::new(test_id);
+            let test_msgs = NodeTestMessage::mix_plaintexts(mix, num_test_packets, ext)
+                .map_err(WasmClientError::from)?;
+
+            let mut updated = current_topology.clone();
+            updated.set_mixes_in_layer(mix.layer.into(), vec![mix.to_owned()]);
+
+            Ok(JsValue::from(NymClientTestRequest {
+                test_msgs,
+                testable_topology: updated,
+            }))
+        })
+    }
 }
@@ -1,27 +1,40 @@
-// Copyright 2021-2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2021-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use self::config::Config;
-use crate::client::helpers::InputSender;
+use crate::client::helpers::{InputSender, NymClientTestRequest, WasmTopologyExt};
 use crate::client::response_pusher::ResponsePusher;
+use crate::constants::NODE_TESTER_CLIENT_ID;
+use crate::error::WasmClientError;
+use crate::helpers::{
+    choose_gateway, gateway_from_topology, parse_recipient, parse_sender_tag,
+    setup_reply_surb_storage_backend,
+};
+use crate::storage::traits::FullWasmClientStorage;
+use crate::storage::ClientStorage;
+use crate::topology::WasmNymTopology;
 use js_sys::Promise;
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::wasm_mockups::{Client as FakeClient, DirectSigningNyxdClient};
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
 use nym_client_core::client::base_client::{
-    BaseClientBuilder, ClientInput, ClientOutput, CredentialsToggle,
+    BaseClientBuilder, ClientInput, ClientOutput, ClientState, CredentialsToggle,
 };
+use nym_client_core::client::inbound_messages::InputMessage;
 use nym_client_core::client::replies::reply_storage::browser_backend;
-use nym_client_core::client::{inbound_messages::InputMessage, key_manager::KeyManager};
+use nym_client_core::config::{CoverTraffic, DebugConfig, Topology, Traffic};
 use nym_credential_storage::ephemeral_storage::EphemeralStorage;
-use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
-use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;
 use nym_task::TaskManager;
+use nym_topology::provider_trait::{HardcodedTopologyProvider, TopologyProvider};
+use nym_topology::NymTopology;
+use nym_validator_client::client::IdentityKey;
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use rand::{thread_rng, RngCore};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise;
-use wasm_utils::{console_error, console_log};
+use wasm_utils::{check_promise_result, console_log, PromisableResult};

 pub mod config;
 mod helpers;
@@ -31,19 +44,24 @@ mod response_pusher;
 pub struct NymClient {
    self_address: String,
    client_input: Arc<ClientInput>,
+    client_state: Arc<ClientState>,
+
+    // keep track of the "old" topology for the purposes of node tester
+    // so that it could be restored after the check is done
+    _full_topology: Option<NymTopology>,

    // even though we don't use graceful shutdowns, other components rely on existence of this struct
    // and if it's dropped, everything will start going offline
    _task_manager: TaskManager,
+    packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 #[wasm_bindgen]
 pub struct NymClientBuilder {
    config: Config,
+    custom_topology: Option<NymTopology>,

-    /// KeyManager object containing smart pointers to all relevant keys used by the client.
-    key_manager: KeyManager,
-
+    storage_passphrase: Option<String>,
    reply_surb_storage_backend: browser_backend::Backend,

    on_message: js_sys::Function,
@@ -52,126 +70,239 @@ pub struct NymClientBuilder {
    bandwidth_controller:
        Option<BandwidthController<FakeClient<DirectSigningNyxdClient>, EphemeralStorage>>,
    disabled_credentials: bool,
+    packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 #[wasm_bindgen]
 impl NymClientBuilder {
    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
-    pub fn new(config: Config, on_message: js_sys::Function) -> Self {
-        //, key_manager: Option<KeyManager>) {
+    pub fn new(
+        config: Config,
+        on_message: js_sys::Function,
+        storage_passphrase: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
        NymClientBuilder {
-            reply_surb_storage_backend: Self::setup_reply_surb_storage_backend(&config),
+            reply_surb_storage_backend: setup_reply_surb_storage_backend(config.debug.reply_surbs),
            config,
-            key_manager: Self::setup_key_manager(),
+            custom_topology: None,
+            storage_passphrase,
            on_message,
            bandwidth_controller: None,
            disabled_credentials: true,
+            packet_type: None,
        }
    }

-    // TODO: once we make keys persistent, we'll require some kind of `init` method to generate
-    // a prior shared keypair between the client and the gateway
+    // no cover traffic
+    // no poisson delay
+    // hardcoded topology
+    // NOTE: you most likely want to use `[NymNodeTester]` instead.
+    pub fn new_tester(
+        topology: WasmNymTopology,
+        on_message: js_sys::Function,
+        gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        if let Some(gateway_id) = &gateway {
+            if !topology.ensure_contains_gateway_id(gateway_id) {
+                panic!("the specified topology does not contain the gateway used by the client")
+            }
+        }

-    // perhaps this should be public?
-    fn setup_key_manager() -> KeyManager {
-        let mut rng = OsRng;
-        // for time being generate new keys each time...
-        console_log!("generated new set of keys");
-        KeyManager::new(&mut rng)
-    }
+        let full_config = Config {
+            id: NODE_TESTER_CLIENT_ID.to_string(),
+            nym_api_url: None,
+            disabled_credentials_mode: true,
+            gateway,
+            debug: DebugConfig {
+                traffic: Traffic {
+                    disable_main_poisson_packet_distribution: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                cover_traffic: CoverTraffic {
+                    disable_loop_cover_traffic_stream: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                topology: Topology {
+                    disable_refreshing: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            packet_type: PacketType::Mix,
+        };

-    // don't get too excited about the name, under the hood it's just a big fat placeholder
-    // with no persistence
-    fn setup_reply_surb_storage_backend(config: &Config) -> browser_backend::Backend {
-        browser_backend::Backend::new(
-            config
-                .debug
-                .reply_surbs
-                .minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-            config
-                .debug
-                .reply_surbs
-                .maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-        )
+        NymClientBuilder {
+            reply_surb_storage_backend: setup_reply_surb_storage_backend(
+                full_config.debug.reply_surbs,
+            ),
+            config: full_config,
+            custom_topology: Some(topology.into()),
+            on_message,
+            bandwidth_controller: None,
+            disabled_credentials: true,
+            storage_passphrase: None,
+            packet_type: None,
+        }
    }

    fn start_reconstructed_pusher(client_output: ClientOutput, on_message: js_sys::Function) {
        ResponsePusher::new(client_output, on_message).start()
    }

-    pub async fn start_client(self) -> Promise {
-        future_to_promise(async move {
-            console_log!("Starting the wasm client");
+    fn topology_provider(&mut self) -> Option<Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>> {
+        if let Some(hardcoded_topology) = self.custom_topology.take() {
+            Some(Box::new(HardcodedTopologyProvider::new(hardcoded_topology)))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }

-            let disabled_credentials = if self.disabled_credentials {
-                CredentialsToggle::Disabled
-            } else {
-                CredentialsToggle::Enabled
-            };
+    async fn start_client_async(mut self) -> Result<NymClient, WasmClientError> {
+        console_log!("Starting the wasm client");

-            let base_builder = BaseClientBuilder::new(
-                &self.config.gateway_endpoint,
-                &self.config.debug,
-                self.key_manager,
-                self.bandwidth_controller,
-                self.reply_surb_storage_backend,
-                disabled_credentials,
-                vec![self.config.nym_api_url.clone()],
-            );
+        let disabled_credentials = if self.disabled_credentials {
+            CredentialsToggle::Disabled
+        } else {
+            CredentialsToggle::Enabled
+        };

-            let self_address = base_builder.as_mix_recipient().to_string();
-            let mut started_client = match base_builder.start_base().await {
-                Ok(base_client) => base_client,
-                Err(err) => {
-                    let error_msg = format!("failed to start the base client components - {err}");
-                    console_error!("{}", error_msg);
-                    let js_error = js_sys::Error::new(&error_msg);
-                    return Err(JsValue::from(js_error));
-                }
-            };
+        let nym_api_endpoints = match &self.config.nym_api_url {
+            Some(endpoint) => vec![endpoint.clone()],
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        };

-            let client_input = started_client.client_input.register_producer();
-            let client_output = started_client.client_output.register_consumer();
+        // TODO: this will have to be re-used for surbs. but this is a problem for another PR.
+        let client_store =
+            ClientStorage::new_async(&self.config.id, self.storage_passphrase.take()).await?;

-            Self::start_reconstructed_pusher(client_output, self.on_message);
+        // if we provided hardcoded topology, get gateway from it, otherwise get it the 'standard' way
+        let gateway_endpoint = if let Some(topology) = &self.custom_topology {
+            gateway_from_topology(
+                &mut thread_rng(),
+                self.config.gateway.as_deref(),
+                topology,
+                &client_store,
+            )
+            .await?
+        } else {
+            choose_gateway(
+                &client_store,
+                self.config.gateway.clone(),
+                &nym_api_endpoints,
+            )
+            .await?
+        };

-            Ok(JsValue::from(NymClient {
-                self_address,
-                client_input: Arc::new(client_input),
-                _task_manager: started_client.task_manager,
-            }))
+        let maybe_topology_provider = self.topology_provider();
+
+        let mut base_builder: BaseClientBuilder<_, FullWasmClientStorage> = BaseClientBuilder::new(
+            &gateway_endpoint,
+            &self.config.debug,
+            client_store,
+            self.bandwidth_controller,
+            self.reply_surb_storage_backend,
+            disabled_credentials,
+            nym_api_endpoints,
+        );
+        if let Some(topology_provider) = maybe_topology_provider {
+            base_builder = base_builder.with_topology_provider(topology_provider);
+        }
+
+        let packet_type = self.config.packet_type;
+        let mut started_client = base_builder.start_base(packet_type).await?;
+        let self_address = started_client.address.to_string();
+
+        let client_input = started_client.client_input.register_producer();
+        let client_output = started_client.client_output.register_consumer();
+
+        Self::start_reconstructed_pusher(client_output, self.on_message);
+
+        Ok(NymClient {
+            self_address,
+            client_input: Arc::new(client_input),
+            client_state: Arc::new(started_client.client_state),
+            _full_topology: None,
+            _task_manager: started_client.task_manager,
+            packet_type: self.packet_type,
        })
    }
+
+    pub fn start_client(self) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move { self.start_client_async().await.into_promise_result() })
+    }
 }

 #[wasm_bindgen]
 impl NymClient {
+    async fn _new(
+        config: Config,
+        on_message: js_sys::Function,
+        storage_passphrase: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<NymClient, WasmClientError> {
+        NymClientBuilder::new(config, on_message, storage_passphrase)
+            .start_client_async()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
+    pub fn new(
+        config: Config,
+        on_message: js_sys::Function,
+        storage_passphrase: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            Self::_new(config, on_message, storage_passphrase)
+                .await
+                .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+
    pub fn self_address(&self) -> String {
        self.self_address.clone()
    }

-    fn parse_recipient(recipient: &str) -> Result<Recipient, JsValue> {
-        match Recipient::try_from_base58_string(recipient) {
-            Ok(recipient) => Ok(recipient),
-            Err(err) => {
-                let error_msg = format!("{recipient} is not a valid Nym network recipient - {err}");
-                console_error!("{}", error_msg);
-                let js_error = js_sys::Error::new(&error_msg);
-                Err(JsValue::from(js_error))
-            }
-        }
+    pub fn try_construct_test_packet_request(
+        &self,
+        mixnode_identity: String,
+        num_test_packets: Option<u32>,
+    ) -> Promise {
+        // TODO: improve the source of rng (i.e. don't make it ephemeral...)
+        let mut ephemeral_rng = OsRng;
+        let test_id = ephemeral_rng.next_u32();
+        self.client_state
+            .mix_test_request(test_id, mixnode_identity, num_test_packets)
    }

-    fn parse_sender_tag(tag: &str) -> Result<AnonymousSenderTag, JsValue> {
-        match AnonymousSenderTag::try_from_base58_string(tag) {
-            Ok(tag) => Ok(tag),
-            Err(err) => {
-                let error_msg = format!("{tag} is not a valid Nym AnonymousSenderTag - {err}");
-                console_error!("{}", error_msg);
-                let js_error = js_sys::Error::new(&error_msg);
-                Err(JsValue::from(js_error))
-            }
-        }
+    pub fn change_hardcoded_topology(&self, topology: WasmNymTopology) -> Promise {
+        self.client_state.change_hardcoded_topology(topology)
+    }
+
+    pub fn current_network_topology(&self) -> Promise {
+        self.client_state.current_topology()
+    }
+
+    /// Sends a test packet through the current network topology.
+    /// It's the responsibility of the caller to ensure the correct topology has been injected and
+    /// correct onmessage handlers have been setup.
+    pub fn try_send_test_packets(&mut self, request: NymClientTestRequest) -> Promise {
+        // TOOD: use the premade packets instead
+        console_log!(
+            "Attempting to send {} test packets",
+            request.test_msgs.len()
+        );
+
+        // our address MUST BE valid
+        let recipient = parse_recipient(&self.self_address()).unwrap();
+
+        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;
+        let input_msgs = request
+            .test_msgs
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|p| InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, p, lane, None))
+            .collect();
+
+        self.client_input.send_messages(input_msgs)
    }

    /// The simplest message variant where no additional information is attached.
@@ -184,13 +315,11 @@ impl NymClient {
            message.len() as f64 / 1024.0
        );

-        let recipient = match Self::parse_recipient(&recipient) {
-            Ok(recipient) => recipient,
-            Err(err) => return Promise::reject(&err),
-        };
+        let recipient = check_promise_result!(parse_recipient(&recipient));
+
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;

-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_regular(recipient, message, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.client_input.send_message(input_msg)
    }

@@ -213,13 +342,12 @@ impl NymClient {
            message.len() as f64 / 1024.0
        );

-        let recipient = match Self::parse_recipient(&recipient) {
-            Ok(recipient) => recipient,
-            Err(err) => return Promise::reject(&err),
-        };
+        let recipient = check_promise_result!(parse_recipient(&recipient));
+
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;

-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_anonymous(recipient, message, reply_surbs, lane);
+        let input_msg =
+            InputMessage::new_anonymous(recipient, message, reply_surbs, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.client_input.send_message(input_msg)
    }

@@ -233,13 +361,11 @@ impl NymClient {
            message.len() as f64 / 1024.0
        );

-        let sender_tag = match Self::parse_sender_tag(&recipient_tag) {
-            Ok(recipient) => recipient,
-            Err(err) => return Promise::reject(&err),
-        };
+        let sender_tag = check_promise_result!(parse_sender_tag(&recipient_tag));
+
        let lane = TransmissionLane::General;

-        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_reply(sender_tag, message, lane);
+        let input_msg = InputMessage::new_reply(sender_tag, message, lane, self.packet_type);
        self.client_input.send_message(input_msg)
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+pub(crate) const NODE_TESTER_ID: &str = "_nym-node-tester";
+pub(crate) const NODE_TESTER_CLIENT_ID: &str = "_nym-node-tester-client";
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::storage::errors::ClientStorageError;
+use crate::topology::WasmTopologyError;
+use js_sys::Promise;
+use nym_client_core::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use nym_client_core::error::ClientCoreError;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity::Ed25519RecoveryError;
+use nym_gateway_client::error::GatewayClientError;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::error::NetworkTestingError;
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::RecipientFormattingError;
+use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::InvalidAnonymousSenderTagRepresentation;
+use nym_topology::NymTopologyError;
+use nym_validator_client::ValidatorClientError;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
+use wasm_utils::simple_js_error;
+
+// might as well start using well-defined error enum...
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WasmClientError {
+    #[error(
+        "A node test is already in progress. Wait for it to finish before starting another one."
+    )]
+    TestInProgress,
+
+    #[error("experienced an issue with internal client components: {source}")]
+    BaseClientError {
+        #[from]
+        source: ClientCoreError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("The provided gateway identity is invalid: {source}")]
+    InvalidGatewayIdentity { source: Ed25519RecoveryError },
+
+    #[error("Gateway communication failure: {source}")]
+    GatewayClientError {
+        #[from]
+        source: GatewayClientError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("failed to query nym api: {source}")]
+    NymApiError {
+        #[from]
+        source: ValidatorClientError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("The provided wasm topology was invalid: {source}")]
+    WasmTopologyError {
+        #[from]
+        source: WasmTopologyError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("The provided nym topology was invalid: {source}")]
+    TopologyError {
+        #[from]
+        source: NymTopologyError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("failed to test the node: {source}")]
+    NodeTestingFailure {
+        #[from]
+        source: NetworkTestingError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("{raw} is not a valid url: {source}")]
+    MalformedUrl {
+        raw: String,
+        source: url::ParseError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("Network topology is currently unavailable")]
+    UnavailableNetworkTopology,
+
+    #[error("Mixnode {mixnode_identity} is not present in the current network topology")]
+    NonExistentMixnode { mixnode_identity: String },
+
+    #[error("Gateway {gateway_identity} is not present in the current network topology")]
+    NonExistentGateway { gateway_identity: String },
+
+    #[error("{raw} is not a valid Nym network recipient: {source}")]
+    MalformedRecipient {
+        raw: String,
+        source: RecipientFormattingError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("{raw} is not a valid Nym AnonymousSenderTag: {source}")]
+    MalformedSenderTag {
+        raw: String,
+        source: InvalidAnonymousSenderTagRepresentation,
+    },
+
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    StorageError {
+        #[from]
+        source: ClientStorageError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("this client has already registered with a gateway: {gateway_config:?}")]
+    AlreadyRegistered {
+        gateway_config: GatewayEndpointConfig,
+    },
+}
+
+impl WasmClientError {
+    pub fn into_rejected_promise(self) -> Promise {
+        self.into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WasmClientError> for JsValue {
+    fn from(value: WasmClientError) -> Self {
+        simple_js_error(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WasmClientError> for Promise {
+    fn from(value: WasmClientError) -> Self {
+        Promise::reject(&value.into())
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::error::WasmClientError;
+use crate::storage::ClientStorage;
+use crate::topology::WasmNymTopology;
+use js_sys::Promise;
+use nym_client_core::client::replies::reply_storage::browser_backend;
+use nym_client_core::config;
+use nym_client_core::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use nym_client_core::init::GatewaySetup;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
+use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_topology::NymTopology;
+use nym_validator_client::client::{IdentityKey, IdentityKeyRef};
+use nym_validator_client::NymApiClient;
+use rand::{CryptoRng, Rng};
+use url::Url;
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::wasm_bindgen;
+use wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise;
+use wasm_utils::{console_log, PromisableResult};
+
+// don't get too excited about the name, under the hood it's just a big fat placeholder
+// with no persistence
+pub(crate) fn setup_reply_surb_storage_backend(
+    config: config::ReplySurbs,
+) -> browser_backend::Backend {
+    browser_backend::Backend::new(
+        config.minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+        config.maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+    )
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn parse_recipient(recipient: &str) -> Result<Recipient, WasmClientError> {
+    Recipient::try_from_base58_string(recipient).map_err(|source| {
+        WasmClientError::MalformedRecipient {
+            raw: recipient.to_string(),
+            source,
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn parse_sender_tag(tag: &str) -> Result<AnonymousSenderTag, WasmClientError> {
+    AnonymousSenderTag::try_from_base58_string(tag).map_err(|source| {
+        WasmClientError::MalformedSenderTag {
+            raw: tag.to_string(),
+            source,
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn current_network_topology_async(
+    nym_api_url: String,
+) -> Result<WasmNymTopology, WasmClientError> {
+    let url: Url = match nym_api_url.parse() {
+        Ok(url) => url,
+        Err(source) => {
+            return Err(WasmClientError::MalformedUrl {
+                raw: nym_api_url,
+                source,
+            })
+        }
+    };
+
+    let api_client = NymApiClient::new(url);
+    let mixnodes = api_client.get_cached_active_mixnodes().await?;
+    let gateways = api_client.get_cached_gateways().await?;
+
+    Ok(NymTopology::from_detailed(mixnodes, gateways).into())
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn current_network_topology(nym_api_url: String) -> Promise {
+    future_to_promise(async move {
+        current_network_topology_async(nym_api_url)
+            .await
+            .into_promise_result()
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn choose_gateway(
+    client_store: &ClientStorage,
+    chosen_gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+    nym_apis: &[Url],
+) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, WasmClientError> {
+    let existing_gateway_config = client_store.read_gateway_config().await?;
+
+    console_log!("loaded: {:?}", existing_gateway_config);
+
+    if let Some(existing) = existing_gateway_config {
+        if let Some(provided) = &chosen_gateway {
+            if provided != &existing.gateway_id {
+                return Err(WasmClientError::AlreadyRegistered {
+                    gateway_config: existing,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return Ok(existing);
+    };
+
+    // if NOTHING is specified nor available, choose gateway randomly.
+    let setup = GatewaySetup::new(None, chosen_gateway, None);
+    let config = setup.try_get_gateway_details(nym_apis).await?;
+
+    // perform registration + persist the new gateway info
+    // TODO: this is actually quite bad. we shouldn't be persisting gateway info here since we did not have persisted
+    // the shared key yet. this will only happen when we start the base client itself.
+    // but unfortunately, we can't do much more until we do a bit more refactoring.
+    client_store.store_gateway_config(&config).await?;
+
+    console_log!("stored: {:?}", config);
+
+    Ok(config)
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn gateway_from_topology<R: Rng + CryptoRng>(
+    rng: &mut R,
+    explicit_gateway: Option<IdentityKeyRef<'_>>,
+    topology: &NymTopology,
+    client_store: &ClientStorage,
+) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, WasmClientError> {
+    let existing_gateway_config = client_store.read_gateway_config().await?;
+    console_log!("loaded: {:?}", existing_gateway_config);
+
+    let new_gateway: GatewayEndpointConfig = if let Some(provided) = explicit_gateway {
+        if let Some(existing) = existing_gateway_config {
+            // we have stored gateway info and explicitly provided identity key
+            //
+            // check if they match, otherwise return an error
+            return if provided != existing.gateway_id {
+                Err(WasmClientError::AlreadyRegistered {
+                    gateway_config: existing,
+                })
+            } else {
+                Ok(existing)
+            };
+        } else {
+            // we have explicitly provided identity key and didn't have any prior stored data
+            //
+            // try to grab details from the topology
+            let gateway_identity = identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(provided)
+                .map_err(|source| WasmClientError::InvalidGatewayIdentity { source })?;
+            if let Some(gateway) = topology.get_gateway(&gateway_identity) {
+                gateway.clone().into()
+            } else {
+                return Err(WasmClientError::NonExistentGateway {
+                    gateway_identity: gateway_identity.to_base58_string(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    } else if let Some(existing) = existing_gateway_config {
+        // we have stored data and didn't provide anything separately - use what's stored!
+        return Ok(existing);
+    } else {
+        // we don't have anything stored nor we have provided anything
+        //
+        // just grab random gateway from our topology
+        topology.random_gateway(rng)?.clone().into()
+    };
+
+    console_log!("storing: {:?}", new_gateway);
+    client_store.store_gateway_config(&new_gateway).await?;
+    Ok(new_gateway)
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2021 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2021-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
@@ -8,10 +8,23 @@ mod client;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 pub mod encoded_payload_helper;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub mod error;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 pub mod gateway_selector;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub mod storage;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub mod tester;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub mod topology;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 pub mod validation;

+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+mod helpers;
+
+mod constants;
+
 #[wasm_bindgen]
 pub fn set_panic_hook() {
    // When the `console_error_panic_hook` feature is enabled, we can call the
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
+use wasm_utils::simple_js_error;
+use wasm_utils::storage::error::StorageError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ClientStorageError {
+    #[error("failed to use the storage: {source}")]
+    StorageError {
+        #[from]
+        source: StorageError,
+    },
+
+    #[error("{typ} cryptographic key is not available in storage")]
+    CryptoKeyNotInStorage { typ: String },
+}
+
+impl From<ClientStorageError> for JsValue {
+    fn from(value: ClientStorageError) -> Self {
+        simple_js_error(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::storage::errors::ClientStorageError;
+use js_sys::Promise;
+use nym_client_core::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
+use nym_gateway_client::SharedKeys;
+use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+use wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise;
+use wasm_utils::storage::{IdbVersionChangeEvent, WasmStorage};
+use wasm_utils::PromisableResult;
+use zeroize::Zeroizing;
+
+pub(crate) mod errors;
+pub(crate) mod traits;
+
+const STORAGE_NAME_PREFIX: &str = "wasm-client-storage";
+const STORAGE_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+
+// v1 tables
+mod v1 {
+    // stores
+    pub const KEYS_STORE: &str = "keys";
+    pub const CORE_STORE: &str = "core";
+
+    // keys
+    // TODO: to replace with FULL config
+    pub const GATEWAY_CONFIG: &str = "gateway_config";
+
+    pub const ED25519_IDENTITY_KEYPAIR: &str = "ed25519_identity_keypair";
+    pub const X25519_ENCRYPTION_KEYPAIR: &str = "x25519_encryption_keypair";
+
+    // TODO: for those we could actually use the subtle crypto storage
+    pub const AES128CTR_ACK_KEY: &str = "aes128ctr_ack_key";
+    pub const AES128CTR_BLAKE3_HMAC_GATEWAY_KEYS: &str = "aes128ctr_blake3_hmac_gateway_keys";
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct ClientStorage {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) name: String,
+    pub(crate) inner: Arc<WasmStorage>,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl ClientStorage {
+    fn db_name(client_id: &str) -> String {
+        format!("{STORAGE_NAME_PREFIX}-{client_id}")
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn new_async(
+        client_id: &str,
+        passphrase: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ClientStorageError> {
+        let name = Self::db_name(client_id);
+
+        // make sure the password is zeroized when no longer used, especially if we error out.
+        // special care must be taken on JS side to ensure it's correctly used there.
+        let passphrase = Zeroizing::new(passphrase);
+
+        let migrate_fn = Some(|evt: &IdbVersionChangeEvent| -> Result<(), JsValue> {
+            // Even if the web-sys bindings expose the version as a f64, the IndexedDB API
+            // works with an unsigned integer.
+            // See <https://github.com/rustwasm/wasm-bindgen/issues/1149>
+            let old_version = evt.old_version() as u32;
+
+            if old_version < 1 {
+                // migrating to version 1
+                let db = evt.db();
+
+                db.create_object_store(v1::KEYS_STORE)?;
+                db.create_object_store(v1::CORE_STORE)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        });
+
+        let inner = WasmStorage::new(
+            &name,
+            STORAGE_VERSION,
+            migrate_fn,
+            passphrase.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_bytes()),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(ClientStorage {
+            inner: Arc::new(inner),
+            name,
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
+    pub fn new(client_id: String, passphrase: String) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            Self::new_async(&client_id, Some(passphrase))
+                .await
+                .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_unencrypted(client_id: String) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            Self::new_async(&client_id, None)
+                .await
+                .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn read_gateway_config(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<GatewayEndpointConfig>, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .read_value(v1::CORE_STORE, JsValue::from_str(v1::GATEWAY_CONFIG))
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn may_read_identity_keypair(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<identity::KeyPair>, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .read_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::ED25519_IDENTITY_KEYPAIR),
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn may_read_encryption_keypair(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<encryption::KeyPair>, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .read_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::X25519_ENCRYPTION_KEYPAIR),
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn may_read_ack_key(&self) -> Result<Option<AckKey>, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .read_value(v1::KEYS_STORE, JsValue::from_str(v1::AES128CTR_ACK_KEY))
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn may_read_gateway_shared_key(&self) -> Result<Option<SharedKeys>, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .read_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::AES128CTR_BLAKE3_HMAC_GATEWAY_KEYS),
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn must_read_identity_keypair(&self) -> Result<identity::KeyPair, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.may_read_identity_keypair()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or(ClientStorageError::CryptoKeyNotInStorage {
+                typ: v1::ED25519_IDENTITY_KEYPAIR.to_string(),
+            })
+    }
+
+    async fn must_read_encryption_keypair(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<encryption::KeyPair, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.may_read_encryption_keypair()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or(ClientStorageError::CryptoKeyNotInStorage {
+                typ: v1::X25519_ENCRYPTION_KEYPAIR.to_string(),
+            })
+    }
+
+    async fn must_read_ack_key(&self) -> Result<AckKey, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.may_read_ack_key()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or(ClientStorageError::CryptoKeyNotInStorage {
+                typ: v1::AES128CTR_ACK_KEY.to_string(),
+            })
+    }
+
+    async fn must_read_gateway_shared_key(&self) -> Result<SharedKeys, ClientStorageError> {
+        self.may_read_gateway_shared_key()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or(ClientStorageError::CryptoKeyNotInStorage {
+                typ: v1::AES128CTR_BLAKE3_HMAC_GATEWAY_KEYS.to_string(),
+            })
+    }
+
+    async fn store_identity_keypair(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &identity::KeyPair,
+    ) -> Result<(), ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .store_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::ED25519_IDENTITY_KEYPAIR),
+                keypair,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn store_encryption_keypair(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &encryption::KeyPair,
+    ) -> Result<(), ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .store_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::X25519_ENCRYPTION_KEYPAIR),
+                keypair,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn store_ack_key(&self, key: &AckKey) -> Result<(), ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .store_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::AES128CTR_ACK_KEY),
+                key,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn store_gateway_shared_key(&self, key: &SharedKeys) -> Result<(), ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .store_value(
+                v1::KEYS_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::AES128CTR_BLAKE3_HMAC_GATEWAY_KEYS),
+                key,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn store_gateway_config(
+        &self,
+        gateway_endpoint: &GatewayEndpointConfig,
+    ) -> Result<(), ClientStorageError> {
+        self.inner
+            .store_value(
+                v1::CORE_STORE,
+                JsValue::from_str(v1::GATEWAY_CONFIG),
+                gateway_endpoint,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::storage::errors::ClientStorageError;
+use crate::storage::ClientStorage;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use nym_client_core::client::base_client::storage::MixnetClientStorage;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::persistence::KeyStore;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::KeyManager;
+use nym_client_core::client::replies::reply_storage::browser_backend;
+use nym_credential_storage::ephemeral_storage::EphemeralStorage as EphemeralCredentialStorage;
+use wasm_utils::console_log;
+
+// temporary until other variants are properly implemented (probably it should get changed into `ClientStorage`
+// implementing all traits and everything getting combined
+pub struct FullWasmClientStorage {
+    key_store: ClientStorage,
+    reply_storage: browser_backend::Backend,
+    credential_storage: EphemeralCredentialStorage,
+}
+
+impl MixnetClientStorage for FullWasmClientStorage {
+    type KeyStore = ClientStorage;
+    type ReplyStore = browser_backend::Backend;
+    type CredentialStore = EphemeralCredentialStorage;
+
+    fn into_split(self) -> (Self::KeyStore, Self::ReplyStore, Self::CredentialStore) {
+        (self.key_store, self.reply_storage, self.credential_storage)
+    }
+
+    fn key_store(&self) -> &Self::KeyStore {
+        &self.key_store
+    }
+
+    fn reply_store(&self) -> &Self::ReplyStore {
+        &self.reply_storage
+    }
+
+    fn credential_store(&self) -> &Self::CredentialStore {
+        &self.credential_storage
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl KeyStore for ClientStorage {
+    type StorageError = ClientStorageError;
+
+    async fn load_keys(&self) -> Result<KeyManager, Self::StorageError> {
+        console_log!("attempting to load cryptographic keys...");
+
+        // all keys implement `ZeroizeOnDrop`, so if we return an Error, whatever was already loaded will be cleared
+        let identity_keypair = self.must_read_identity_keypair().await?;
+        let encryption_keypair = self.must_read_encryption_keypair().await?;
+        let ack_keypair = self.must_read_ack_key().await?;
+        let gateway_shared_key = self.must_read_gateway_shared_key().await?;
+
+        Ok(KeyManager::from_keys(
+            identity_keypair,
+            encryption_keypair,
+            gateway_shared_key,
+            ack_keypair,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    async fn store_keys(&self, keys: &KeyManager) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
+        console_log!("attempting to store cryptographic keys...");
+
+        self.store_identity_keypair(&keys.identity_keypair())
+            .await?;
+        self.store_encryption_keypair(&keys.encryption_keypair())
+            .await?;
+        self.store_ack_key(&keys.ack_key()).await?;
+        self.store_gateway_shared_key(&keys.gateway_shared_key())
+            .await
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::tester::helpers::{NodeTestResult, WasmTestMessageExt};
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::processor::Received;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::receiver::ReceivedReceiver;
+use nym_sphinx::chunking::fragment::FragmentIdentifier;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::sync::MutexGuard as AsyncMutexGuard;
+use wasm_utils::{console_error, console_log, console_warn};
+
+pub(crate) struct EphemeralTestReceiver<'a> {
+    sent_packets: u32,
+    expected_acks: HashSet<FragmentIdentifier>,
+
+    received_valid_messages: HashSet<u32>,
+    received_valid_acks: HashSet<FragmentIdentifier>,
+    duplicate_packets: u32,
+    duplicate_acks: u32,
+
+    timeout_duration: Duration,
+    receiver_permit: AsyncMutexGuard<'a, ReceivedReceiver<WasmTestMessageExt>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> EphemeralTestReceiver<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn finish(self) -> NodeTestResult {
+        NodeTestResult {
+            sent_packets: self.sent_packets,
+            received_packets: self.received_valid_messages.len() as u32,
+            received_acks: self.received_valid_acks.len() as u32,
+            duplicate_packets: self.duplicate_packets,
+            duplicate_acks: self.duplicate_acks,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        sent_packets: u32,
+        expected_acks: HashSet<FragmentIdentifier>,
+        receiver_permit: AsyncMutexGuard<'a, ReceivedReceiver<WasmTestMessageExt>>,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        EphemeralTestReceiver {
+            sent_packets,
+            expected_acks,
+            received_valid_messages: Default::default(),
+            received_valid_acks: Default::default(),
+            duplicate_packets: 0,
+            duplicate_acks: 0,
+            timeout_duration: timeout,
+            receiver_permit,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_next_received_packet(&mut self, packet: Option<Received<WasmTestMessageExt>>) -> bool {
+        let Some(received_packet) = packet else {
+            // can't do anything more...
+            console_error!("packet receiver has stopped processing results!");
+            return true
+        };
+        match received_packet {
+            Received::Message(msg) => {
+                if !self.received_valid_messages.insert(msg.msg_id) {
+                    self.duplicate_packets += 1;
+                }
+            }
+            Received::Ack(frag_id) => {
+                if self.expected_acks.contains(&frag_id) {
+                    if !self.received_valid_acks.insert(frag_id) {
+                        self.duplicate_acks += 1
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    console_warn!("received an ack that was not part of the test! (id: {frag_id})")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.received_all() {
+            console_log!("already received all the packets! finishing the test...");
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn received_all(&self) -> bool {
+        self.received_valid_acks.len() == self.received_valid_messages.len()
+            && self.received_valid_acks.len() == self.sent_packets as usize
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn perform_test(mut self) -> NodeTestResult {
+        let mut timeout_fut = wasm_timer::Delay::new(self.timeout_duration);
+
+        loop {
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = &mut timeout_fut => {
+                    console_warn!("reached test timeout before receiving all packets.");
+                    break
+                }
+                received_packet = self.receiver_permit.next() => {
+                    let is_done = self.on_next_received_packet(received_packet);
+                    if is_done {
+                        break
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.finish()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// due to expansion of #[wasm_bindgen] macro on NodeTestResult
+#![allow(clippy::drop_non_drop)]
+
+use nym_node_tester_utils::processor::Received;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::receiver::ReceivedReceiver;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex as AsyncMutex, MutexGuard as AsyncMutexGuard};
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+use wasm_utils::{console_log, console_warn};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(super) struct ReceivedReceiverWrapper(Arc<AsyncMutex<ReceivedReceiver<WasmTestMessageExt>>>);
+
+impl ReceivedReceiverWrapper {
+    pub(super) fn new(inner: ReceivedReceiver<WasmTestMessageExt>) -> Self {
+        ReceivedReceiverWrapper(Arc::new(AsyncMutex::new(inner)))
+    }
+
+    pub(super) async fn clear_received_channel(&self) {
+        let mut lost_msgs = 0;
+        let mut lost_acks = 0;
+        let mut permit = self.0.lock().await;
+        while let Ok(Some(received)) = permit.try_next() {
+            match received {
+                Received::Message(_) => lost_msgs += 1,
+                Received::Ack(_) => lost_acks += 1,
+            }
+        }
+        if lost_msgs > 0 || lost_acks > 0 {
+            console_warn!("while preparing for the test run, we cleared {lost_msgs} messages and {lost_acks} acks that were received in the meantime.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) async fn lock(&self) -> AsyncMutexGuard<'_, ReceivedReceiver<WasmTestMessageExt>> {
+        self.0.lock().await
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct WasmTestMessageExt {
+    pub test_id: u32,
+}
+
+impl WasmTestMessageExt {
+    pub fn new(test_id: u32) -> Self {
+        WasmTestMessageExt { test_id }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: maybe put it in the tester utils
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct NodeTestResult {
+    pub sent_packets: u32,
+    pub received_packets: u32,
+    pub received_acks: u32,
+
+    pub duplicate_packets: u32,
+    pub duplicate_acks: u32,
+}
+
+impl Display for NodeTestResult {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        writeln!(f, "Test results: ")?;
+        writeln!(f, "Total score: {:.2}%", self.score())?;
+        writeln!(f, "Sent packets: {}", self.sent_packets)?;
+        writeln!(f, "Received (valid) packets: {}", self.received_packets)?;
+        writeln!(f, "Received (valid) acks: {}", self.received_acks)?;
+        writeln!(f, "Received duplicate packets: {}", self.duplicate_packets)?;
+        write!(f, "Received duplicate acks: {}", self.duplicate_acks)
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl NodeTestResult {
+    pub fn log_details(&self) {
+        console_log!("{}", self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn score(&self) -> f32 {
+        let expected = self.sent_packets * 2;
+        let actual = (self.received_packets + self.received_acks)
+            .saturating_sub(self.duplicate_packets + self.duplicate_acks);
+
+        actual as f32 / expected as f32 * 100.
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct TestMarker {
+    value: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+}
+
+impl TestMarker {
+    pub fn new(value: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> Self {
+        Self { value }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for TestMarker {
+    // make sure to clear the test flag when the marker is dropped
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.value.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::constants::NODE_TESTER_ID;
+use crate::error::WasmClientError;
+use crate::helpers::{current_network_topology_async, gateway_from_topology};
+use crate::storage::ClientStorage;
+use crate::tester::ephemeral_receiver::EphemeralTestReceiver;
+use crate::tester::helpers::{
+    NodeTestResult, ReceivedReceiverWrapper, TestMarker, WasmTestMessageExt,
+};
+use crate::topology::WasmNymTopology;
+use futures::channel::mpsc;
+use js_sys::Promise;
+use nym_bandwidth_controller::wasm_mockups::{Client as FakeClient, DirectSigningNyxdClient};
+use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
+use nym_client_core::client::key_manager::ManagedKeys;
+use nym_client_core::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use nym_credential_storage::ephemeral_storage::EphemeralStorage;
+use nym_gateway_client::GatewayClient;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::receiver::SimpleMessageReceiver;
+use nym_node_tester_utils::{NodeTester, TestMessage};
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::nodes::NodeIdentity;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketSize;
+use nym_sphinx::preparer::PreparedFragment;
+use nym_task::TaskManager;
+use nym_topology::NymTopology;
+use nym_validator_client::client::IdentityKey;
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use rand::{CryptoRng, Rng};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex as SyncMutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex as AsyncMutex;
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+use wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise;
+use wasm_utils::{check_promise_result, console_log, PromisableResult};
+
+mod ephemeral_receiver;
+pub(crate) mod helpers;
+
+pub type NodeTestMessage = TestMessage<WasmTestMessageExt>;
+type LockedGatewayClient =
+    Arc<AsyncMutex<GatewayClient<FakeClient<DirectSigningNyxdClient>, EphemeralStorage>>>;
+
+pub(crate) const DEFAULT_TEST_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+pub(crate) const DEFAULT_TEST_PACKETS: u32 = 20;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct NymNodeTester {
+    test_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+
+    // we need to increment the nonce between tests to distinguish the packets
+    // but we can't make the tester mutable because of wasm...
+    // so we're using the atomics
+    current_test_nonce: AtomicU32,
+
+    // blame all those mutexes on being unable to have an async method with internal mutability...
+    tester: Arc<SyncMutex<NodeTester<OsRng>>>,
+    gateway_client: LockedGatewayClient,
+
+    // we have to put it behind the lock due to wasm limitations and borrowing...
+    // the mutex acquisition should be instant as there aren't going to be any threads attempting
+    // to get simultaneous access
+    processed_receiver: ReceivedReceiverWrapper,
+
+    // even though we don't use graceful shutdowns, other components rely on existence of this struct
+    // and if it's dropped, everything will start going offline
+    _task_manager: TaskManager,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct NymNodeTesterBuilder {
+    gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+
+    base_topology: NymTopology,
+
+    // unimplemented
+    bandwidth_controller:
+        Option<BandwidthController<FakeClient<DirectSigningNyxdClient>, EphemeralStorage>>,
+}
+
+fn address(keys: &ManagedKeys, gateway_identity: NodeIdentity) -> Recipient {
+    Recipient::new(
+        *keys.identity_public_key(),
+        *keys.encryption_public_key(),
+        gateway_identity,
+    )
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl NymNodeTesterBuilder {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(
+        base_topology: WasmNymTopology,
+        gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+    ) -> NymNodeTesterBuilder {
+        NymNodeTesterBuilder {
+            gateway,
+            base_topology: base_topology.into(),
+            bandwidth_controller: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn _new_with_api(
+        api_url: String,
+        gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, WasmClientError> {
+        let topology = current_network_topology_async(api_url).await?;
+        Ok(NymNodeTesterBuilder::new(topology, gateway))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_api(gateway: Option<IdentityKey>, api_url: String) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            Self::_new_with_api(api_url, gateway)
+                .await
+                .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn gateway_info<R: Rng + CryptoRng>(
+        &self,
+        rng: &mut R,
+        client_store: &ClientStorage,
+    ) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, WasmClientError> {
+        gateway_from_topology(
+            rng,
+            self.gateway.as_deref(),
+            &self.base_topology,
+            client_store,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    async fn _setup_client(mut self) -> Result<NymNodeTester, WasmClientError> {
+        let mut rng = OsRng;
+        let task_manager = TaskManager::default();
+
+        let client_store = ClientStorage::new_async(NODE_TESTER_ID, None).await?;
+
+        let gateway_endpoint = self.gateway_info(&mut rng, &client_store).await?;
+        let gateway_identity = gateway_endpoint.try_get_gateway_identity_key()?;
+        let mut managed_keys = ManagedKeys::load_or_generate(&mut rng, &client_store).await;
+
+        let (mixnet_message_sender, mixnet_message_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded();
+        let (ack_sender, ack_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded();
+
+        let mut gateway_client = GatewayClient::new(
+            gateway_endpoint.gateway_listener,
+            managed_keys.identity_keypair(),
+            gateway_identity,
+            managed_keys.gateway_shared_key(),
+            mixnet_message_sender,
+            ack_sender,
+            Duration::from_secs(10),
+            self.bandwidth_controller.take(),
+            task_manager.subscribe(),
+        );
+
+        gateway_client.set_disabled_credentials_mode(true);
+        let shared_keys = gateway_client.authenticate_and_start().await?;
+        managed_keys
+            .deal_with_gateway_key(shared_keys, &client_store)
+            .await?;
+
+        // TODO: make those values configurable later
+        let tester = NodeTester::new(
+            rng,
+            self.base_topology,
+            Some(address(&managed_keys, gateway_identity)),
+            PacketSize::default(),
+            Duration::from_millis(5),
+            Duration::from_millis(5),
+            managed_keys.ack_key(),
+        );
+
+        let (processed_sender, processed_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded();
+
+        let mut receiver = SimpleMessageReceiver::new_sphinx_receiver(
+            managed_keys.encryption_keypair(),
+            managed_keys.ack_key(),
+            mixnet_message_receiver,
+            ack_receiver,
+            processed_sender,
+            task_manager.subscribe(),
+        );
+
+        nym_task::spawn(async move { receiver.run().await });
+
+        Ok(NymNodeTester {
+            test_in_progress: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            current_test_nonce: Default::default(),
+            tester: Arc::new(SyncMutex::new(tester)),
+            gateway_client: Arc::new(AsyncMutex::new(gateway_client)),
+            processed_receiver: ReceivedReceiverWrapper::new(processed_receiver),
+            _task_manager: task_manager,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn setup_client(self) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move { self._setup_client().await.into_promise_result() })
+    }
+}
+
+async fn test_mixnode(
+    test_packets: Vec<PreparedFragment>,
+    gateway_client: LockedGatewayClient,
+    processed_receiver: ReceivedReceiverWrapper,
+    _test_marker: TestMarker,
+    timeout: Duration,
+) -> Result<NodeTestResult, WasmClientError> {
+    let num_test_packets = test_packets.len() as u32;
+
+    let expected_ack_ids = test_packets
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| p.fragment_identifier)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+
+    let mix_packets = test_packets.into_iter().map(|p| p.mix_packet).collect();
+
+    // start by clearing any messages that might have been received between tests
+    processed_receiver.clear_received_channel().await;
+
+    // locking the gateway client so that we could get mutable access to data without having to declare
+    // self mutable
+    let mut gateway_permit = gateway_client.lock().await;
+    gateway_permit.batch_send_mix_packets(mix_packets).await?;
+
+    let receiver_permit = processed_receiver.lock().await;
+    let result =
+        EphemeralTestReceiver::new(num_test_packets, expected_ack_ids, receiver_permit, timeout)
+            .perform_test()
+            .await;
+
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl NymNodeTester {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
+    pub fn new(topology: WasmNymTopology, gateway: Option<IdentityKey>) -> Promise {
+        console_log!("constructing node tester!");
+        NymNodeTesterBuilder::new(topology, gateway).setup_client()
+    }
+
+    async fn _new_with_api(
+        api_url: String,
+        gateway: Option<IdentityKey>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, WasmClientError> {
+        NymNodeTesterBuilder::_new_with_api(api_url, gateway)
+            .await?
+            ._setup_client()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_api(api_url: String, gateway: Option<IdentityKey>) -> Promise {
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            Self::_new_with_api(api_url, gateway)
+                .await
+                .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn prepare_test_packets(
+        &self,
+        mixnode_identity: String,
+        test_nonce: u32,
+        num_test_packets: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<PreparedFragment>, WasmClientError> {
+        let test_ext = WasmTestMessageExt::new(test_nonce);
+        let mut tester_permit = self.tester.lock().expect("mutex got poisoned");
+        tester_permit
+            .existing_identity_mixnode_test_packets(
+                mixnode_identity,
+                test_ext,
+                num_test_packets,
+                None,
+            )
+            .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    pub fn test_node(
+        &self,
+        mixnode_identity: String,
+        timeout_millis: Option<u64>,
+        num_test_packets: Option<u32>,
+    ) -> Promise {
+        // establish test parameters
+        let timeout = timeout_millis
+            .map(Duration::from_millis)
+            .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_TEST_TIMEOUT);
+        let num_test_packets = num_test_packets.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_TEST_PACKETS);
+
+        // mark start of the test
+        if self.test_in_progress.swap(true, Ordering::SeqCst) {
+            return WasmClientError::TestInProgress.into_rejected_promise();
+        }
+
+        // prepare test packets
+        // (I simultaneously feel both disgusted and amazed by this workaround)
+        let test_nonce = self.current_test_nonce.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        let test_packets = check_promise_result!(self.prepare_test_packets(
+            mixnode_identity,
+            test_nonce,
+            num_test_packets
+        ));
+
+        let processed_receiver_clone = self.processed_receiver.clone();
+        let gateway_client_clone = Arc::clone(&self.gateway_client);
+        let tester_marker = TestMarker::new(Arc::clone(&self.test_in_progress));
+
+        // start doing async things (send packets and watch for anything coming back)
+        future_to_promise(async move {
+            test_mixnode(
+                test_packets,
+                gateway_client_clone,
+                processed_receiver_clone,
+                tester_marker,
+                timeout,
+            )
+            .await
+            .into_promise_result()
+        })
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use nym_client_core::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
+use nym_topology::gateway::GatewayConversionError;
+use nym_topology::mix::{Layer, MixnodeConversionError};
+use nym_topology::{gateway, mix, MixLayer, NymTopology};
+use nym_validator_client::client::{IdentityKeyRef, MixId};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::wasm_bindgen;
+use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
+use wasm_utils::{console_log, simple_js_error};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WasmTopologyError {
+    #[error("got invalid mix layer {value}. Expected 1, 2 or 3.")]
+    InvalidMixLayer { value: u8 },
+
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    GatewayConversion(#[from] GatewayConversionError),
+
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    MixnodeConversion(#[from] MixnodeConversionError),
+
+    #[error("The provided mixnode map was malformed: {source}")]
+    MalformedMixnodeMap { source: serde_wasm_bindgen::Error },
+
+    #[error("The provided gateway list was malformed: {source}")]
+    MalformedGatewayList { source: serde_wasm_bindgen::Error },
+}
+
+impl From<WasmTopologyError> for JsValue {
+    fn from(value: WasmTopologyError) -> Self {
+        simple_js_error(value.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct WasmNymTopology {
+    inner: NymTopology,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl WasmNymTopology {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(
+        // expected: BTreeMap<MixLayer, Vec<WasmMixNode>>,
+        // HashMap<MixLayer, Vec<WasmMixNode>> will also work because it has the same json representation
+        mixnodes: JsValue,
+        // expected: Vec<WasmGateway>
+        gateways: JsValue,
+    ) -> Result<WasmNymTopology, WasmTopologyError> {
+        let mixnodes: BTreeMap<MixLayer, Vec<WasmMixNode>> =
+            serde_wasm_bindgen::from_value(mixnodes)
+                .map_err(|source| WasmTopologyError::MalformedMixnodeMap { source })?;
+
+        let gateways: Vec<WasmGateway> = serde_wasm_bindgen::from_value(gateways)
+            .map_err(|source| WasmTopologyError::MalformedGatewayList { source })?;
+
+        let mut converted_mixes = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        for (layer, nodes) in mixnodes {
+            let layer_nodes = nodes
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(TryInto::try_into)
+                .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+            converted_mixes.insert(layer, layer_nodes);
+        }
+
+        let gateways = gateways
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(TryInto::try_into)
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+        Ok(WasmNymTopology {
+            inner: NymTopology::new(converted_mixes, gateways),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn ensure_contains(&self, gateway_config: &GatewayEndpointConfig) -> bool {
+        self.ensure_contains_gateway_id(&gateway_config.gateway_id)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn ensure_contains_gateway_id(&self, gateway_id: IdentityKeyRef) -> bool {
+        self.inner
+            .gateways()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|g| g.identity_key.to_base58_string() == gateway_id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn print(&self) {
+        if !self.inner.mixes().is_empty() {
+            console_log!("mixnodes:");
+            for (layer, nodes) in self.inner.mixes() {
+                console_log!("\tlayer {layer}:");
+                for node in nodes {
+                    console_log!("\t\t{} - {}", node.mix_id, node.identity_key)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            console_log!("NO MIXNODES")
+        }
+
+        if !self.inner.gateways().is_empty() {
+            console_log!("gateways:");
+            for gateway in self.inner.gateways() {
+                console_log!("\t{}", gateway.identity_key)
+            }
+        } else {
+            console_log!("NO GATEWAYS")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WasmNymTopology> for NymTopology {
+    fn from(value: WasmNymTopology) -> Self {
+        value.inner
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<NymTopology> for WasmNymTopology {
+    fn from(value: NymTopology) -> Self {
+        WasmNymTopology { inner: value }
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct WasmMixNode {
+    pub mix_id: MixId,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub owner: String,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub host: String,
+    pub mix_port: u16,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub identity_key: String,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub sphinx_key: String,
+    pub layer: MixLayer,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub version: String,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl WasmMixNode {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn new(
+        mix_id: MixId,
+        owner: String,
+        host: String,
+        mix_port: u16,
+        identity_key: String,
+        sphinx_key: String,
+        layer: MixLayer,
+        version: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            mix_id,
+            owner,
+            host,
+            mix_port,
+            identity_key,
+            sphinx_key,
+            layer,
+            version,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<WasmMixNode> for mix::Node {
+    type Error = WasmTopologyError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: WasmMixNode) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let host = mix::Node::parse_host(&value.host)?;
+
+        // try to completely resolve the host in the mix situation to avoid doing it every
+        // single time we want to construct a path
+        let mix_host = mix::Node::extract_mix_host(&host, value.mix_port)?;
+
+        Ok(mix::Node {
+            mix_id: value.mix_id,
+            owner: value.owner,
+            host,
+            mix_host,
+            identity_key: identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&value.identity_key)
+                .map_err(MixnodeConversionError::from)?,
+            sphinx_key: encryption::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&value.sphinx_key)
+                .map_err(MixnodeConversionError::from)?,
+            layer: Layer::try_from(value.layer)
+                .map_err(|_| WasmTopologyError::InvalidMixLayer { value: value.layer })?,
+            version: value.version,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct WasmGateway {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub owner: String,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub host: String,
+    pub mix_port: u16,
+    pub clients_port: u16,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub identity_key: String,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub sphinx_key: String,
+    #[wasm_bindgen(getter_with_clone)]
+    pub version: String,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl WasmGateway {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(
+        owner: String,
+        host: String,
+        mix_port: u16,
+        clients_port: u16,
+        identity_key: String,
+        sphinx_key: String,
+        version: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            owner,
+            host,
+            mix_port,
+            clients_port,
+            identity_key,
+            sphinx_key,
+            version,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<WasmGateway> for gateway::Node {
+    type Error = WasmTopologyError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: WasmGateway) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let host = gateway::Node::parse_host(&value.host)?;
+
+        // try to completely resolve the host in the mix situation to avoid doing it every
+        // single time we want to construct a path
+        let mix_host = gateway::Node::extract_mix_host(&host, value.mix_port)?;
+
+        Ok(gateway::Node {
+            owner: value.owner,
+            host,
+            mix_host,
+            clients_port: value.clients_port,
+            identity_key: identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&value.identity_key)
+                .map_err(GatewayConversionError::from)?,
+            sphinx_key: encryption::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&value.sphinx_key)
+                .map_err(GatewayConversionError::from)?,
+            version: value.version,
+        })
+    }
+}
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl AsyncFileWatcher {
                Ok(event) => {
                    let now = Instant::now();
                    if self.should_propagate(&event, now) {
-                        self.last_received.insert(event.kind.clone(), now);
+                        self.last_received.insert(event.kind, now);
                        if let Err(_err) = self.event_sender.unbounded_send(event) {
                            log::error!("the file watcher receiver has been dropped!");
                        }
@@ -55,11 +55,16 @@ where
    Ok(state)
 }

-pub async fn get_credential<C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync, St: Storage>(
+pub async fn get_credential<C, St>(
    state: &State,
    client: &C,
    storage: &St,
-) -> Result<(), BandwidthControllerError> {
+) -> Result<(), BandwidthControllerError>
+where
+    C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync,
+    St: Storage,
+    <St as Storage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
    let epoch_id = client.get_current_epoch().await?.epoch_id;
    let threshold = client
        .get_current_epoch_threshold()
@@ -83,7 +88,6 @@ pub async fn get_credential<C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync, St: Storage>(
            signature.to_bs58(),
            epoch_id.to_string(),
        )
-        .await?;
-
-    Ok(())
+        .await
+        .map_err(|err| BandwidthControllerError::CredentialStorageError(Box::new(err)))
 }
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ pub enum BandwidthControllerError {
    Nyxd(#[from] nym_validator_client::nyxd::error::NyxdError),

    #[error("There was a credential storage error - {0}")]
-    CredentialStorageError(#[from] StorageError),
+    CredentialStorageError(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>),
+
+    // this should really be fully incorporated into the above, but messing with coconut is the last thing I want to do now
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    StorageError(#[from] StorageError),

    #[error("Coconut error - {0}")]
    CoconutError(#[from] CoconutError),
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub mod error;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 pub mod wasm_mockups;

-pub struct BandwidthController<C, St: Storage> {
+pub struct BandwidthController<C, St> {
    storage: St,
    client: C,
 }
@@ -45,8 +45,13 @@ impl<C, St: Storage> BandwidthController<C, St> {
    ) -> Result<(nym_coconut_interface::Credential, i64), BandwidthControllerError>
    where
        C: DkgQueryClient + Sync + Send,
+        <St as Storage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
-        let bandwidth_credential = self.storage.get_next_coconut_credential().await?;
+        let bandwidth_credential = self
+            .storage
+            .get_next_coconut_credential()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| BandwidthControllerError::CredentialStorageError(Box::new(err)))?;
        let voucher_value = u64::from_str(&bandwidth_credential.voucher_value)
            .map_err(|_| StorageError::InconsistentData)?;
        let voucher_info = bandwidth_credential.voucher_info.clone();
@@ -82,10 +87,16 @@ impl<C, St: Storage> BandwidthController<C, St> {
        ))
    }

-    pub async fn consume_credential(&self, id: i64) -> Result<(), BandwidthControllerError> {
+    pub async fn consume_credential(&self, id: i64) -> Result<(), BandwidthControllerError>
+    where
+        <St as Storage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
        // JS: shouldn't we send some contract/validator/gateway message here to actually, you know,
        // consume it?
-        Ok(self.storage.consume_coconut_credential(id).await?)
+        self.storage
+            .consume_coconut_credential(id)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| BandwidthControllerError::CredentialStorageError(Box::new(err)))
    }
 }

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ url = { version ="2.2", features = ["serde"] }
 tungstenite = { version = "0.13.0", default-features = false }
 tokio = { version = "1.24.1", features = ["macros"]}
 time = "0.3.17"
+zeroize = { workspace = true }

 # internal
 nym-bandwidth-controller = { path = "../bandwidth-controller" }
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ nym-topology = { path = "../topology" }
 nym-validator-client = { path = "../client-libs/validator-client", default-features = false }
 nym-task = { path = "../task" }
 nym-credential-storage = { path = "../credential-storage" }
+nym-network-defaults = { path = "../network-defaults" }

 [target."cfg(not(target_arch = \"wasm32\"))".dependencies.nym-validator-client]
 path = "../client-libs/validator-client"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-//
+
 use crate::{client::replies::reply_storage, config::DebugConfig};

 pub fn setup_empty_reply_surb_backend(debug_config: &DebugConfig) -> reply_storage::Empty {
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use super::received_buffer::ReceivedBufferMessage;
+use crate::client::base_client::storage::MixnetClientStorage;
 use crate::client::cover_traffic_stream::LoopCoverTrafficStream;
 use crate::client::inbound_messages::{InputMessage, InputMessageReceiver, InputMessageSender};
-use crate::client::key_manager::KeyManager;
+use crate::client::key_manager::persistence::KeyStore;
+use crate::client::key_manager::ManagedKeys;
 use crate::client::mix_traffic::{BatchMixMessageSender, MixTrafficController};
 use crate::client::real_messages_control;
 use crate::client::real_messages_control::RealMessagesController;
@@ -22,10 +24,11 @@ use crate::client::topology_control::{
 };
 use crate::config::{Config, DebugConfig, GatewayEndpointConfig};
 use crate::error::ClientCoreError;
-use crate::spawn_future;
+use crate::{config, spawn_future};
 use futures::channel::mpsc;
 use log::{debug, info};
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
+use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage as CredentialStorage;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
 use nym_gateway_client::{
    AcknowledgementReceiver, AcknowledgementSender, GatewayClient, MixnetMessageReceiver,
@@ -34,26 +37,27 @@ use nym_gateway_client::{
 use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::nodes::NodeIdentity;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_sphinx::receiver::{ReconstructedMessage, SphinxMessageReceiver};
 use nym_task::connections::{ConnectionCommandReceiver, ConnectionCommandSender, LaneQueueLengths};
 use nym_task::{TaskClient, TaskManager};
 use nym_topology::provider_trait::TopologyProvider;
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
 use tap::TapFallible;
 use url::Url;

-use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage;
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-use nym_validator_client::nyxd::traits::DkgQueryClient;
-
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::wasm_mockups::DkgQueryClient;

+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_validator_client::nyxd::traits::DkgQueryClient;
+
 #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
 pub mod non_wasm_helpers;

 pub mod helpers;
+pub mod storage;

 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ClientInput {
@@ -152,31 +156,32 @@ impl From<bool> for CredentialsToggle {
    }
 }

-pub struct BaseClientBuilder<'a, B, C, St: Storage> {
+pub struct BaseClientBuilder<'a, C, S: MixnetClientStorage> {
    // due to wasm limitations I had to split it like this : (
    gateway_config: &'a GatewayEndpointConfig,
    debug_config: &'a DebugConfig,
    disabled_credentials: bool,
    nym_api_endpoints: Vec<Url>,
-    reply_storage_backend: B,
+    reply_storage_backend: S::ReplyStore,
+    key_store: S::KeyStore,

-    custom_topology_provider: Option<Box<dyn TopologyProvider>>,
-    bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, St>>,
-    key_manager: KeyManager,
+    custom_topology_provider: Option<Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>>,
+    bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, S::CredentialStore>>,
+    managed_keys: ManagedKeys,
 }

-impl<'a, B, C, St> BaseClientBuilder<'a, B, C, St>
+impl<'a, C, S> BaseClientBuilder<'a, C, S>
 where
-    B: ReplyStorageBackend + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    C: DkgQueryClient + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    St: Storage + 'static,
+    S: MixnetClientStorage + 'static,
+    C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
+    // TODO: combine all storages
    pub fn new_from_base_config<T>(
        base_config: &'a Config<T>,
-        key_manager: KeyManager,
-        bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, St>>,
-        reply_storage_backend: B,
-    ) -> BaseClientBuilder<'a, B, C, St> {
+        key_store: S::KeyStore,
+        bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, S::CredentialStore>>,
+        reply_storage_backend: S::ReplyStore,
+    ) -> BaseClientBuilder<'a, C, S> {
        BaseClientBuilder {
            gateway_config: base_config.get_gateway_endpoint_config(),
            debug_config: base_config.get_debug_config(),
@@ -184,20 +189,22 @@ where
            nym_api_endpoints: base_config.get_nym_api_endpoints(),
            bandwidth_controller,
            reply_storage_backend,
-            key_manager,
+            key_store,
+            managed_keys: ManagedKeys::Invalidated,
            custom_topology_provider: None,
        }
    }

+    // TODO: combine all storages
    pub fn new(
        gateway_config: &'a GatewayEndpointConfig,
        debug_config: &'a DebugConfig,
-        key_manager: KeyManager,
-        bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, St>>,
-        reply_storage_backend: B,
+        key_store: S::KeyStore,
+        bandwidth_controller: Option<BandwidthController<C, S::CredentialStore>>,
+        reply_storage_backend: S::ReplyStore,
        credentials_toggle: CredentialsToggle,
        nym_api_endpoints: Vec<Url>,
-    ) -> BaseClientBuilder<'a, B, C, St> {
+    ) -> BaseClientBuilder<'a, C, S> {
        BaseClientBuilder {
            gateway_config,
            debug_config,
@@ -206,19 +213,25 @@ where
            reply_storage_backend,
            custom_topology_provider: None,
            bandwidth_controller,
-            key_manager,
+            key_store,
+            managed_keys: ManagedKeys::Invalidated,
        }
    }

-    pub fn with_topology_provider(mut self, provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider>) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_topology_provider(
+        mut self,
+        provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>,
+    ) -> Self {
        self.custom_topology_provider = Some(provider);
        self
    }

-    pub fn as_mix_recipient(&self) -> Recipient {
+    // note: do **NOT** make this method public as its only valid usage is from within `start_base`
+    // because it relies on the crypto keys being already loaded
+    fn as_mix_recipient(&self) -> Recipient {
        Recipient::new(
-            *self.key_manager.identity_keypair().public_key(),
-            *self.key_manager.encryption_keypair().public_key(),
+            *self.managed_keys.identity_public_key(),
+            *self.managed_keys.encryption_public_key(),
            // TODO: below only works under assumption that gateway address == gateway id
            // (which currently is true)
            NodeIdentity::from_base58_string(&self.gateway_config.gateway_id).unwrap(),
@@ -263,6 +276,7 @@ where
        lane_queue_lengths: LaneQueueLengths,
        client_connection_rx: ConnectionCommandReceiver,
        shutdown: TaskClient,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) {
        info!("Starting real traffic stream...");

@@ -278,7 +292,7 @@ where
            lane_queue_lengths,
            client_connection_rx,
        )
-        .start_with_shutdown(shutdown);
+        .start_with_shutdown(shutdown, packet_type);
    }

    // buffer controlling all messages fetched from provider
@@ -308,7 +322,11 @@ where
        mixnet_message_sender: MixnetMessageSender,
        ack_sender: AcknowledgementSender,
        shutdown: TaskClient,
-    ) -> Result<GatewayClient<C, St>, ClientCoreError> {
+    ) -> Result<GatewayClient<C, S::CredentialStore>, ClientCoreError>
+    where
+        <S::KeyStore as KeyStore>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+        <S::CredentialStore as CredentialStorage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
        let gateway_id = self.gateway_config.gateway_id.clone();
        if gateway_id.is_empty() {
            return Err(ClientCoreError::GatewayIdUnknown);
@@ -321,19 +339,11 @@ where
        let gateway_identity = identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(gateway_id)
            .map_err(ClientCoreError::UnableToCreatePublicKeyFromGatewayId)?;

-        // disgusting wasm workaround since there's no key persistence there (nor `client init`)
-        let shared_key = if self.key_manager.is_gateway_key_set() {
-            Some(self.key_manager.gateway_shared_key())
-        } else {
-            log::info!("Gateway key not set! Will proceed anyway.");
-            None
-        };
-
        let mut gateway_client = GatewayClient::new(
            gateway_address,
-            self.key_manager.identity_keypair(),
+            self.managed_keys.identity_keypair(),
            gateway_identity,
-            shared_key,
+            self.managed_keys.gateway_shared_key(),
            mixnet_message_sender,
            ack_sender,
            self.debug_config
@@ -345,19 +355,27 @@ where

        gateway_client.set_disabled_credentials_mode(self.disabled_credentials);

-        gateway_client
+        let shared_key = gateway_client
            .authenticate_and_start()
            .await
            .tap_err(|err| {
                log::error!("Could not authenticate and start up the gateway connection - {err}")
            })?;
+
+        self.managed_keys
+            .deal_with_gateway_key(shared_key, &self.key_store)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|source| ClientCoreError::KeyStoreError {
+                source: Box::new(source),
+            })?;
+
        Ok(gateway_client)
    }

    fn setup_topology_provider(
-        custom_provider: Option<Box<dyn TopologyProvider>>,
+        custom_provider: Option<Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>>,
        nym_api_urls: Vec<Url>,
-    ) -> Box<dyn TopologyProvider> {
+    ) -> Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync> {
        // if no custom provider was ... provided ..., create one using nym-api
        custom_provider.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            Box::new(NymApiTopologyProvider::new(
@@ -370,12 +388,13 @@ where
    // future responsible for periodically polling directory server and updating
    // the current global view of topology
    async fn start_topology_refresher(
-        topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider>,
-        refresh_rate: Duration,
+        topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>,
+        topology_config: config::Topology,
        topology_accessor: TopologyAccessor,
-        shutdown: TaskClient,
+        mut shutdown: TaskClient,
    ) -> Result<(), ClientCoreError> {
-        let topology_refresher_config = TopologyRefresherConfig::new(refresh_rate);
+        let topology_refresher_config =
+            TopologyRefresherConfig::new(topology_config.topology_refresh_rate);

        let mut topology_refresher = TopologyRefresher::new(
            topology_refresher_config,
@@ -395,65 +414,84 @@ where
            return Err(ClientCoreError::InsufficientNetworkTopology(err));
        }

-        info!("Starting topology refresher...");
-        topology_refresher.start_with_shutdown(shutdown);
+        if topology_config.disable_refreshing {
+            // if we're not spawning the refresher, don't cause shutdown immediately
+            info!("The topology refesher is not going to be started");
+            shutdown.mark_as_success();
+        } else {
+            // don't spawn the refresher if we don't want to be refreshing the topology.
+            // only use the initial values obtained
+            info!("Starting topology refresher...");
+            topology_refresher.start_with_shutdown(shutdown);
+        }
+
        Ok(())
    }

-    // controller for sending sphinx packets to mixnet (either real traffic or cover traffic)
+    // controller for sending packets to mixnet (either real traffic or cover traffic)
    // TODO: if we want to send control messages to gateway_client, this CAN'T take the ownership
    // over it. Perhaps GatewayClient needs to be thread-shareable or have some channel for
    // requests?
    fn start_mix_traffic_controller(
-        gateway_client: GatewayClient<C, St>,
+        gateway_client: GatewayClient<C, S::CredentialStore>,
        shutdown: TaskClient,
-    ) -> BatchMixMessageSender {
+    ) -> BatchMixMessageSender
+    where
+        <S::CredentialStore as CredentialStorage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
        info!("Starting mix traffic controller...");
        let (mix_traffic_controller, mix_tx) = MixTrafficController::new(gateway_client);
        mix_traffic_controller.start_with_shutdown(shutdown);
        mix_tx
    }

+    // TODO: rename it as it implies the data is persistent whilst one can use InMemBackend
    async fn setup_persistent_reply_storage(
-        backend: B,
+        backend: S::ReplyStore,
        shutdown: TaskClient,
    ) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, ClientCoreError>
    where
-        <B as ReplyStorageBackend>::StorageError: Sync + Send,
+        <S::ReplyStore as ReplyStorageBackend>::StorageError: Sync + Send,
+        S::ReplyStore: Send + Sync,
    {
-        if backend.is_active() {
-            log::trace!("Setup persistent reply storage");
-            let persistent_storage = PersistentReplyStorage::new(backend);
-            let mem_store = persistent_storage
-                .load_state_from_backend()
+        log::trace!("Setup persistent reply storage");
+        let persistent_storage = PersistentReplyStorage::new(backend);
+        let mem_store = persistent_storage
+            .load_state_from_backend()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| ClientCoreError::SurbStorageError {
+                source: Box::new(err),
+            })?;
+
+        let store_clone = mem_store.clone();
+        spawn_future(async move {
+            persistent_storage
+                .flush_on_shutdown(store_clone, shutdown)
                .await
-                .map_err(|err| ClientCoreError::SurbStorageError {
-                    source: Box::new(err),
-                })?;
+        });

-            let store_clone = mem_store.clone();
-            spawn_future(async move {
-                persistent_storage
-                    .flush_on_shutdown(store_clone, shutdown)
-                    .await
-            });
-
-            Ok(mem_store)
-        } else {
-            log::trace!("Setup inactive reply storage");
-            Ok(backend
-                .get_inactive_storage()
-                .map_err(|err| ClientCoreError::SurbStorageError {
-                    source: Box::new(err),
-                })?)
-        }
+        Ok(mem_store)
    }

-    pub async fn start_base(mut self) -> Result<BaseClient, ClientCoreError>
+    async fn initial_key_setup(&mut self) {
+        assert!(!self.managed_keys.is_valid());
+        let mut rng = OsRng;
+        self.managed_keys = ManagedKeys::load_or_generate(&mut rng, &self.key_store).await;
+    }
+
+    pub async fn start_base(
+        mut self,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
+    ) -> Result<BaseClient, ClientCoreError>
    where
-        <B as ReplyStorageBackend>::StorageError: Sync + Send,
+        <S::ReplyStore as ReplyStorageBackend>::StorageError: Sync + Send,
+        S::ReplyStore: Send + Sync,
+        <S::KeyStore as KeyStore>::StorageError: Send + Sync,
+        <S::CredentialStore as CredentialStorage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        info!("Starting nym client");
+        self.initial_key_setup().await;
+
        // channels for inter-component communication
        // TODO: make the channels be internally created by the relevant components
        // rather than creating them here, so say for example the buffer controller would create the request channels
@@ -500,14 +538,14 @@ where
        );
        Self::start_topology_refresher(
            topology_provider,
-            self.debug_config.topology.topology_refresh_rate,
+            self.debug_config.topology,
            shared_topology_accessor.clone(),
            task_manager.subscribe(),
        )
        .await?;

        Self::start_received_messages_buffer_controller(
-            self.key_manager.encryption_keypair(),
+            self.managed_keys.encryption_keypair(),
            received_buffer_request_receiver,
            mixnet_messages_receiver,
            reply_storage.key_storage(),
@@ -515,11 +553,11 @@ where
            task_manager.subscribe(),
        );

-        // The sphinx_message_sender is the transmitter for any component generating sphinx packets
+        // The message_sender is the transmitter for any component generating sphinx packets
        // that are to be sent to the mixnet. They are used by cover traffic stream and real
        // traffic stream.
        // The MixTrafficController then sends the actual traffic
-        let sphinx_message_sender =
+        let message_sender =
            Self::start_mix_traffic_controller(gateway_client, task_manager.subscribe());

        // Channels that the websocket listener can use to signal downstream to the real traffic
@@ -532,7 +570,7 @@ where

        let controller_config = real_messages_control::Config::new(
            self.debug_config,
-            self.key_manager.ack_key(),
+            self.managed_keys.ack_key(),
            self_address,
        );

@@ -541,13 +579,14 @@ where
            shared_topology_accessor.clone(),
            ack_receiver,
            input_receiver,
-            sphinx_message_sender.clone(),
+            message_sender.clone(),
            reply_storage,
            reply_controller_sender.clone(),
            reply_controller_receiver,
            shared_lane_queue_lengths.clone(),
            client_connection_rx,
            task_manager.subscribe(),
+            packet_type,
        );

        if !self
@@ -557,10 +596,10 @@ where
        {
            Self::start_cover_traffic_stream(
                self.debug_config,
-                self.key_manager.ack_key(),
+                self.managed_keys.ack_key(),
                self_address,
                shared_topology_accessor.clone(),
-                sphinx_message_sender,
+                message_sender,
                task_manager.subscribe(),
            );
        }
@@ -569,6 +608,7 @@ where
        debug!("The address of this client is: {self_address}");

        Ok(BaseClient {
+            address: self_address,
            client_input: ClientInputStatus::AwaitingProducer {
                client_input: ClientInput {
                    connection_command_sender: client_connection_tx,
@@ -591,6 +631,7 @@ where
 }

 pub struct BaseClient {
+    pub address: Recipient,
    pub client_input: ClientInputStatus,
    pub client_output: ClientOutputStatus,
    pub client_state: ClientState,
@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
-// Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2022-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::{
    fs_backend, CombinedReplyStorage, ReplyStorageBackend,
 };
-use crate::config::DebugConfig;
+use crate::config;
+use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::error::ClientCoreError;
 use log::{error, info};
+use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
+use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage as CredentialStorage;
+use nym_validator_client::nyxd::QueryNyxdClient;
+use nym_validator_client::Client;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::{fs, io};
 use time::OffsetDateTime;
+use url::Url;

 async fn setup_fresh_backend<P: AsRef<Path>>(
    db_path: P,
-    debug_config: &DebugConfig,
+    surb_config: &config::ReplySurbs,
 ) -> Result<fs_backend::Backend, ClientCoreError> {
    info!("creating fresh surb database");
    let mut storage_backend = match fs_backend::Backend::init(db_path).await {
@@ -30,12 +36,8 @@ async fn setup_fresh_backend<P: AsRef<Path>>(
    // it will only be happening on the very first run and in practice won't incur huge
    // costs since the storage is going to be empty
    let mem_store = CombinedReplyStorage::new(
-        debug_config
-            .reply_surbs
-            .minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-        debug_config
-            .reply_surbs
-            .maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+        surb_config.minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+        surb_config.maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
    );
    storage_backend
        .init_fresh(&mem_store)
@@ -47,17 +49,13 @@ async fn setup_fresh_backend<P: AsRef<Path>>(
    Ok(storage_backend)
 }

-fn setup_inactive_backend(debug_config: &DebugConfig) -> fs_backend::Backend {
-    info!("creating inactive surb database");
-    fs_backend::Backend::new_inactive(
-        debug_config
-            .reply_surbs
-            .minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-        debug_config
-            .reply_surbs
-            .maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-    )
-}
+// fn setup_inactive_backend(surb_config: &config::ReplySurbs) -> fs_backend::Backend {
+//     info!("creating inactive surb database");
+//     fs_backend::Backend::new_inactive(
+//         surb_config.minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+//         surb_config.maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
+//     )
+// }

 fn archive_corrupted_database<P: AsRef<Path>>(db_path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
    let db_path = db_path.as_ref();
@@ -81,28 +79,56 @@ fn archive_corrupted_database<P: AsRef<Path>>(db_path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
 }

 pub async fn setup_fs_reply_surb_backend<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-    db_path: Option<P>,
-    debug_config: &DebugConfig,
+    db_path: P,
+    surb_config: &config::ReplySurbs,
 ) -> Result<fs_backend::Backend, ClientCoreError> {
-    if let Some(db_path) = db_path {
-        // if the database file doesnt exist, initialise fresh storage, otherwise attempt to load
-        // the existing one
-        let db_path = db_path.as_ref();
-        if db_path.exists() {
-            info!("loading existing surb database");
-            match fs_backend::Backend::try_load(db_path).await {
-                Ok(backend) => Ok(backend),
-                Err(err) => {
-                    error!("failed to setup persistent storage backend for our reply needs: {err}. We're going to create a fresh database instead. This behaviour might change in the future");
+    // if the database file doesnt exist, initialise fresh storage, otherwise attempt to load
+    // the existing one
+    let db_path = db_path.as_ref();
+    if db_path.exists() {
+        info!("loading existing surb database");
+        match fs_backend::Backend::try_load(db_path).await {
+            Ok(backend) => Ok(backend),
+            Err(err) => {
+                error!("failed to setup persistent storage backend for our reply needs: {err}. We're going to create a fresh database instead. This behaviour might change in the future");

-                    archive_corrupted_database(db_path)?;
-                    setup_fresh_backend(db_path, debug_config).await
-                }
+                archive_corrupted_database(db_path)?;
+                setup_fresh_backend(db_path, surb_config).await
            }
-        } else {
-            setup_fresh_backend(db_path, debug_config).await
        }
    } else {
-        Ok(setup_inactive_backend(debug_config))
+        setup_fresh_backend(db_path, surb_config).await
    }
 }
+
+pub fn create_bandwidth_controller<T, St: CredentialStorage>(
+    config: &Config<T>,
+    storage: St,
+) -> BandwidthController<Client<QueryNyxdClient>, St> {
+    let nyxd_url = config
+        .get_validator_endpoints()
+        .pop()
+        .expect("No nyxd validator endpoint provided");
+    let api_url = config
+        .get_nym_api_endpoints()
+        .pop()
+        .expect("No validator api endpoint provided");
+
+    create_bandwidth_controller_with_urls(nyxd_url, api_url, storage)
+}
+
+pub fn create_bandwidth_controller_with_urls<St: CredentialStorage>(
+    nyxd_url: Url,
+    nym_api_url: Url,
+    storage: St,
+) -> BandwidthController<Client<QueryNyxdClient>, St> {
+    let details = nym_network_defaults::NymNetworkDetails::new_from_env();
+    let mut client_config = nym_validator_client::Config::try_from_nym_network_details(&details)
+        .expect("failed to construct validator client config");
+    // overwrite env configuration with config URLs
+    client_config = client_config.with_urls(nyxd_url, nym_api_url);
+    let client = nym_validator_client::Client::new_query(client_config)
+        .expect("Could not construct query client");
+
+    BandwidthController::new(storage, client)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// TODO: combine those more closely. Perhaps into a single underlying store.
+// Like for persistent, on-disk, storage, what's the point of having 3 different databases?
+
+use crate::client::key_manager::persistence::{InMemEphemeralKeys, KeyStore};
+use crate::client::replies::reply_storage;
+use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::ReplyStorageBackend;
+use nym_credential_storage::ephemeral_storage::{
+    EphemeralStorage as EphemeralCredentialStorage, EphemeralStorage,
+};
+use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage as CredentialStorage;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use crate::client::base_client::non_wasm_helpers;
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use crate::client::key_manager::persistence::OnDiskKeys;
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use crate::config::{persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder, Config};
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use crate::error::ClientCoreError;
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use nym_credential_storage::persistent_storage::PersistentStorage as PersistentCredentialStorage;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::fs_backend;
+
+pub trait MixnetClientStorage {
+    type KeyStore: KeyStore;
+    type ReplyStore: ReplyStorageBackend;
+    type CredentialStore: CredentialStorage;
+
+    // this is a TERRIBLE name...
+    fn into_split(self) -> (Self::KeyStore, Self::ReplyStore, Self::CredentialStore);
+
+    fn key_store(&self) -> &Self::KeyStore;
+    fn reply_store(&self) -> &Self::ReplyStore;
+    fn credential_store(&self) -> &Self::CredentialStore;
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Ephemeral {
+    key_store: InMemEphemeralKeys,
+    reply_store: reply_storage::Empty,
+    credential_store: EphemeralStorage,
+}
+
+impl Ephemeral {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl MixnetClientStorage for Ephemeral {
+    type KeyStore = InMemEphemeralKeys;
+    type ReplyStore = reply_storage::Empty;
+    type CredentialStore = EphemeralCredentialStorage;
+
+    fn into_split(self) -> (Self::KeyStore, Self::ReplyStore, Self::CredentialStore) {
+        (self.key_store, self.reply_store, self.credential_store)
+    }
+
+    fn key_store(&self) -> &Self::KeyStore {
+        &self.key_store
+    }
+
+    fn reply_store(&self) -> &Self::ReplyStore {
+        &self.reply_store
+    }
+
+    fn credential_store(&self) -> &Self::CredentialStore {
+        &self.credential_store
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+pub struct OnDiskPersistent {
+    pub(crate) key_store: OnDiskKeys,
+    pub(crate) reply_store: fs_backend::Backend,
+    pub(crate) credential_store: PersistentCredentialStorage,
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+impl OnDiskPersistent {
+    pub fn new(
+        key_store: OnDiskKeys,
+        reply_store: fs_backend::Backend,
+        credential_store: PersistentCredentialStorage,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            key_store,
+            reply_store,
+            credential_store,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn from_config<T>(config: &Config<T>) -> Result<Self, ClientCoreError> {
+        let pathfinder = ClientKeyPathfinder::new_from_config(config);
+        let key_store = OnDiskKeys::new(pathfinder);
+
+        let reply_store = non_wasm_helpers::setup_fs_reply_surb_backend(
+            config.get_reply_surb_database_path(),
+            &config.get_debug_config().reply_surbs,
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        let credential_store =
+            nym_credential_storage::initialise_persistent_storage(config.get_database_path()).await;
+
+        Ok(OnDiskPersistent {
+            key_store,
+            reply_store,
+            credential_store,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "fs-surb-storage"))]
+impl MixnetClientStorage for OnDiskPersistent {
+    type KeyStore = OnDiskKeys;
+    type ReplyStore = fs_backend::Backend;
+    type CredentialStore = PersistentCredentialStorage;
+
+    fn into_split(self) -> (Self::KeyStore, Self::ReplyStore, Self::CredentialStore) {
+        (self.key_store, self.reply_store, self.credential_store)
+    }
+
+    fn key_store(&self) -> &Self::KeyStore {
+        &self.key_store
+    }
+
+    fn reply_store(&self) -> &Self::ReplyStore {
+        &self.reply_store
+    }
+
+    fn credential_store(&self) -> &Self::CredentialStore {
+        &self.credential_store
+    }
+}
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ where
    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
    next_delay: Pin<Box<wasm_timer::Delay>>,

-    /// Channel used for sending prepared sphinx packets to `MixTrafficController` that sends them
+    /// Channel used for sending prepared nym packets to `MixTrafficController` that sends them
    /// out to the network without any further delays.
    mix_tx: BatchMixMessageSender,

@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ impl LoopCoverTrafficStream<OsRng> {
            self.average_ack_delay,
            self.cover_traffic.loop_cover_traffic_average_delay,
            cover_traffic_packet_size,
+            nym_sphinx::params::PacketType::Mix,
        )
        .expect("Somehow failed to generate a loop cover message with a valid topology");

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2020-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_sphinx::forwarding::packet::MixPacket;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;

 pub type InputMessageSender = tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<InputMessage>;
@@ -7,6 +12,14 @@ pub type InputMessageReceiver = tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<InputMessage>;

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum InputMessage {
+    /// Fire an already prepared mix packets into the network.
+    /// No guarantees are made about it. For example no retransmssion
+    /// will be attempted if it gets dropped.
+    Premade {
+        msgs: Vec<MixPacket>,
+        lane: TransmissionLane,
+    },
+
    /// The simplest message variant where no additional information is attached.
    /// You're simply sending your `data` to specified `recipient` without any tagging.
    ///
@@ -41,14 +54,49 @@ pub enum InputMessage {
        data: Vec<u8>,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
    },
+
+    MessageWrapper {
+        message: Box<InputMessage>,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
+    },
 }

 impl InputMessage {
-    pub fn new_regular(recipient: Recipient, data: Vec<u8>, lane: TransmissionLane) -> Self {
-        InputMessage::Regular {
+    pub fn new_premade(
+        msgs: Vec<MixPacket>,
+        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let message = InputMessage::Premade { msgs, lane };
+        if packet_type == PacketType::Mix {
+            message
+        } else {
+            InputMessage::new_wrapper(message, packet_type)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_wrapper(message: InputMessage, packet_type: PacketType) -> Self {
+        InputMessage::MessageWrapper {
+            message: Box::new(message),
+            packet_type,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_regular(
+        recipient: Recipient,
+        data: Vec<u8>,
+        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let message = InputMessage::Regular {
            recipient,
            data,
            lane,
+        };
+        if let Some(packet_type) = packet_type {
+            InputMessage::new_wrapper(message, packet_type)
+        } else {
+            message
        }
    }

@@ -57,12 +105,18 @@ impl InputMessage {
        data: Vec<u8>,
        reply_surbs: u32,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
    ) -> Self {
-        InputMessage::Anonymous {
+        let message = InputMessage::Anonymous {
            recipient,
            data,
            reply_surbs,
            lane,
+        };
+        if let Some(packet_type) = packet_type {
+            InputMessage::new_wrapper(message, packet_type)
+        } else {
+            message
        }
    }

@@ -70,11 +124,17 @@ impl InputMessage {
        recipient_tag: AnonymousSenderTag,
        data: Vec<u8>,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
    ) -> Self {
-        InputMessage::Reply {
+        let message = InputMessage::Reply {
            recipient_tag,
            data,
            lane,
+        };
+        if let Some(packet_type) = packet_type {
+            InputMessage::new_wrapper(message, packet_type)
+        } else {
+            message
        }
    }

@@ -82,7 +142,9 @@ impl InputMessage {
        match self {
            InputMessage::Regular { lane, .. }
            | InputMessage::Anonymous { lane, .. }
-            | InputMessage::Reply { lane, .. } => lane,
+            | InputMessage::Reply { lane, .. }
+            | InputMessage::Premade { lane, .. } => lane,
+            InputMessage::MessageWrapper { message, .. } => message.lane(),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-use crate::config::persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder;
-use log::*;
-use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
-use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
-use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
-use rand::{CryptoRng, RngCore};
-use std::io;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-// Note: to support key rotation in the future, all keys will require adding an extra smart pointer,
-// most likely an AtomicCell, or if it doesn't work as I think it does, a Mutex. Although I think
-// AtomicCell includes a Mutex implicitly if the underlying type does not work atomically.
-// And I guess there will need to be some mechanism for a grace period when you can still
-// use the old key after new one was issued.
-
-// Remember that Arc<T> has Deref implementation for T
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct KeyManager {
-    /// identity key associated with the client instance.
-    identity_keypair: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
-
-    /// encryption key associated with the client instance.
-    encryption_keypair: Arc<encryption::KeyPair>,
-
-    /// shared key derived with the gateway during "registration handshake"
-    gateway_shared_key: Option<Arc<SharedKeys>>,
-
-    /// key used for producing and processing acknowledgement packets.
-    ack_key: Arc<AckKey>,
-}
-
-// The expected flow of a KeyManager "lifetime" is as follows:
-/*
-   1. ::new() is called during client-init
-   2. after gateway registration is completed [in init] ::insert_gateway_shared_key() is called
-   3. ::store_keys() is called before init finishes execution.
-   4. ::load_keys() is called at the beginning of each subsequent client-run
-   5. [not implemented] ::rotate_keys() is called periodically during client-run I presume?
-*/
-
-impl KeyManager {
-    /// Creates new instance of a [`KeyManager`]
-    pub fn new<R>(rng: &mut R) -> Self
-    where
-        R: RngCore + CryptoRng,
-    {
-        KeyManager {
-            identity_keypair: Arc::new(identity::KeyPair::new(rng)),
-            encryption_keypair: Arc::new(encryption::KeyPair::new(rng)),
-            gateway_shared_key: None,
-            ack_key: Arc::new(AckKey::new(rng)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_keys(
-        id_keypair: identity::KeyPair,
-        enc_keypair: encryption::KeyPair,
-        gateway_shared_key: SharedKeys,
-        ack_key: AckKey,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            identity_keypair: Arc::new(id_keypair),
-            encryption_keypair: Arc::new(enc_keypair),
-            gateway_shared_key: Some(Arc::new(gateway_shared_key)),
-            ack_key: Arc::new(ack_key),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Loads previously stored client keys from the disk.
-    fn load_client_keys(client_pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        let identity_keypair: identity::KeyPair =
-            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                client_pathfinder.private_identity_key().to_owned(),
-                client_pathfinder.public_identity_key().to_owned(),
-            ))?;
-        let encryption_keypair: encryption::KeyPair =
-            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                client_pathfinder.private_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-                client_pathfinder.public_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-            ))?;
-
-        let ack_key: AckKey = nym_pemstore::load_key(client_pathfinder.ack_key())?;
-
-        Ok(KeyManager {
-            identity_keypair: Arc::new(identity_keypair),
-            encryption_keypair: Arc::new(encryption_keypair),
-            gateway_shared_key: None,
-            ack_key: Arc::new(ack_key),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Loads previously stored keys from the disk. Fails if not all, including the shared gateway
-    /// key, is available.
-    pub fn load_keys(client_pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        let mut key_manager = Self::load_client_keys(client_pathfinder)?;
-
-        let gateway_shared_key: SharedKeys =
-            nym_pemstore::load_key(client_pathfinder.gateway_shared_key())?;
-
-        key_manager.gateway_shared_key = Some(Arc::new(gateway_shared_key));
-
-        Ok(key_manager)
-    }
-
-    /// Loads previously stored keys from the disk. Fails if client keys are not availabe, but the
-    /// shared gateway key is optional.
-    pub fn load_keys_but_gateway_is_optional(
-        client_pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder,
-    ) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        let mut key_manager = Self::load_client_keys(client_pathfinder)?;
-
-        let gateway_shared_key: Result<SharedKeys, io::Error> =
-            nym_pemstore::load_key(client_pathfinder.gateway_shared_key());
-
-        // It's ok if the gateway key was not found
-        let gateway_shared_key = match gateway_shared_key {
-            Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
-            Err(err) => Err(err),
-            Ok(key) => Ok(Some(key)),
-        }?;
-
-        key_manager.gateway_shared_key = gateway_shared_key.map(Arc::new);
-
-        Ok(key_manager)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores all available keys on the disk.
-    // While perhaps there is no much point in storing the `AckKey` on the disk,
-    // it is done so for the consistency sake so that you wouldn't require an rng instance
-    // during `load_keys` to generate the said key.
-    pub fn store_keys(&self, client_pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder) -> io::Result<()> {
-        nym_pemstore::store_keypair(
-            self.identity_keypair.as_ref(),
-            &nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                client_pathfinder.private_identity_key().to_owned(),
-                client_pathfinder.public_identity_key().to_owned(),
-            ),
-        )?;
-        nym_pemstore::store_keypair(
-            self.encryption_keypair.as_ref(),
-            &nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                client_pathfinder.private_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-                client_pathfinder.public_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-            ),
-        )?;
-
-        nym_pemstore::store_key(self.ack_key.as_ref(), client_pathfinder.ack_key())?;
-
-        match self.gateway_shared_key.as_ref() {
-            None => debug!("No gateway shared key available to store!"),
-            Some(gate_key) => {
-                nym_pemstore::store_key(gate_key.as_ref(), client_pathfinder.gateway_shared_key())?
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_gateway_key(&self, client_pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder) -> io::Result<()> {
-        match self.gateway_shared_key.as_ref() {
-            None => {
-                return Err(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                    "trying to store a non-existing key",
-                ))
-            }
-            Some(gate_key) => {
-                nym_pemstore::store_key(gate_key.as_ref(), client_pathfinder.gateway_shared_key())?
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Overwrite the existing identity keypair
-    pub fn set_identity_keypair(&mut self, id_keypair: identity::KeyPair) {
-        self.identity_keypair = Arc::new(id_keypair);
-    }
-
-    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`identity::KeyPair`].
-    pub fn identity_keypair(&self) -> Arc<identity::KeyPair> {
-        Arc::clone(&self.identity_keypair)
-    }
-
-    /// Overwrite the existing encryption keypair
-    pub fn set_encryption_keypair(&mut self, enc_keypair: encryption::KeyPair) {
-        self.encryption_keypair = Arc::new(enc_keypair);
-    }
-
-    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`encryption::KeyPair`].
-    pub fn encryption_keypair(&self) -> Arc<encryption::KeyPair> {
-        Arc::clone(&self.encryption_keypair)
-    }
-
-    /// Overwrite the existing ack key
-    pub fn set_ack_key(&mut self, ack_key: AckKey) {
-        self.ack_key = Arc::new(ack_key);
-    }
-
-    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`AckKey`].
-    pub fn ack_key(&self) -> Arc<AckKey> {
-        Arc::clone(&self.ack_key)
-    }
-
-    /// After shared key with the gateway is derived, puts its ownership to this instance of a [`KeyManager`].
-    pub fn insert_gateway_shared_key(&mut self, gateway_shared_key: Arc<SharedKeys>) {
-        self.gateway_shared_key = Some(gateway_shared_key)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`SharedKey`].
-    // since this function is not fully public, it is not expected to be used externally and
-    // hence it's up to us to ensure it's called in correct context
-    pub fn gateway_shared_key(&self) -> Arc<SharedKeys> {
-        Arc::clone(
-            self.gateway_shared_key
-                .as_ref()
-                .expect("tried to unwrap empty gateway key!"),
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_gateway_key_set(&self) -> bool {
-        self.gateway_shared_key.is_some()
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// Copyright 2021-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::client::key_manager::persistence::KeyStore;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
+use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
+use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
+use rand::{CryptoRng, RngCore};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use zeroize::ZeroizeOnDrop;
+
+pub mod persistence;
+
+pub enum ManagedKeys {
+    Initial(KeyManagerBuilder),
+    FullyDerived(KeyManager),
+
+    // I really hate the existence of this variant, but I couldn't come up with a better way to handle
+    // `Self::deal_with_gateway_key` otherwise.
+    Invalidated,
+}
+
+impl From<KeyManagerBuilder> for ManagedKeys {
+    fn from(value: KeyManagerBuilder) -> Self {
+        ManagedKeys::Initial(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<KeyManager> for ManagedKeys {
+    fn from(value: KeyManager) -> Self {
+        ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ManagedKeys {
+    pub fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(self, ManagedKeys::Invalidated)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn try_load<S: KeyStore>(key_store: &S) -> Result<Self, S::StorageError> {
+        Ok(ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(
+            KeyManager::load_keys(key_store).await?,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_new<R>(rng: &mut R) -> Self
+    where
+        R: RngCore + CryptoRng,
+    {
+        ManagedKeys::Initial(KeyManagerBuilder::new(rng))
+    }
+
+    pub async fn load_or_generate<R, S>(rng: &mut R, key_store: &S) -> Self
+    where
+        R: RngCore + CryptoRng,
+        S: KeyStore,
+    {
+        Self::try_load(key_store)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| Self::generate_new(rng))
+    }
+
+    pub fn identity_keypair(&self) -> Arc<identity::KeyPair> {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => keys.identity_keypair(),
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => keys.identity_keypair(),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn encryption_keypair(&self) -> Arc<encryption::KeyPair> {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => keys.encryption_keypair(),
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => keys.encryption_keypair(),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn ack_key(&self) -> Arc<AckKey> {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => keys.ack_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => keys.ack_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn gateway_shared_key(&self) -> Option<Arc<SharedKeys>> {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(_) => None,
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => Some(keys.gateway_shared_key()),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn identity_public_key(&self) -> &identity::PublicKey {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => keys.identity_keypair.public_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => keys.identity_keypair.public_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn encryption_public_key(&self) -> &encryption::PublicKey {
+        match self {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => keys.encryption_keypair.public_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(keys) => keys.encryption_keypair.public_key(),
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn deal_with_gateway_key<S: KeyStore>(
+        &mut self,
+        gateway_shared_key: Arc<SharedKeys>,
+        key_store: &S,
+    ) -> Result<(), S::StorageError> {
+        let key_manager = match std::mem::replace(self, ManagedKeys::Invalidated) {
+            ManagedKeys::Initial(keys) => {
+                let key_manager = keys.insert_gateway_shared_key(gateway_shared_key);
+                key_manager.persist_keys(key_store).await?;
+                key_manager
+            }
+            ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(key_manager) => {
+                if !Arc::ptr_eq(&key_manager.gateway_shared_key, &gateway_shared_key)
+                    || key_manager.gateway_shared_key != gateway_shared_key
+                {
+                    // this should NEVER happen thus panic here
+                    panic!("derived fresh gateway shared key whilst already holding one!")
+                }
+                key_manager
+            }
+            ManagedKeys::Invalidated => unreachable!("the managed keys got invalidated"),
+        };
+
+        *self = ManagedKeys::FullyDerived(key_manager);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// all of the keys really shouldn't be wrapped in `Arc`, but due to how the gateway client is currently
+// constructed, changing that would require more work than what it's worth
+pub struct KeyManagerBuilder {
+    /// identity key associated with the client instance.
+    identity_keypair: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
+
+    /// encryption key associated with the client instance.
+    encryption_keypair: Arc<encryption::KeyPair>,
+
+    /// key used for producing and processing acknowledgement packets.
+    ack_key: Arc<AckKey>,
+}
+
+impl KeyManagerBuilder {
+    /// Creates new instance of a [`KeyManager`]
+    pub fn new<R>(rng: &mut R) -> Self
+    where
+        R: RngCore + CryptoRng,
+    {
+        KeyManagerBuilder {
+            identity_keypair: Arc::new(identity::KeyPair::new(rng)),
+            encryption_keypair: Arc::new(encryption::KeyPair::new(rng)),
+            ack_key: Arc::new(AckKey::new(rng)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_gateway_shared_key(self, gateway_shared_key: Arc<SharedKeys>) -> KeyManager {
+        KeyManager {
+            identity_keypair: self.identity_keypair,
+            encryption_keypair: self.encryption_keypair,
+            gateway_shared_key,
+            ack_key: self.ack_key,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn identity_keypair(&self) -> Arc<identity::KeyPair> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.identity_keypair)
+    }
+
+    pub fn encryption_keypair(&self) -> Arc<encryption::KeyPair> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.encryption_keypair)
+    }
+
+    pub fn ack_key(&self) -> Arc<AckKey> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.ack_key)
+    }
+}
+
+// Note: to support key rotation in the future, all keys will require adding an extra smart pointer,
+// most likely an AtomicCell, or if it doesn't work as I think it does, a Mutex. Although I think
+// AtomicCell includes a Mutex implicitly if the underlying type does not work atomically.
+// And I guess there will need to be some mechanism for a grace period when you can still
+// use the old key after new one was issued.
+
+// Remember that Arc<T> has Deref implementation for T
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct KeyManager {
+    /// identity key associated with the client instance.
+    identity_keypair: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
+
+    /// encryption key associated with the client instance.
+    encryption_keypair: Arc<encryption::KeyPair>,
+
+    /// shared key derived with the gateway during "registration handshake"
+    gateway_shared_key: Arc<SharedKeys>,
+
+    /// key used for producing and processing acknowledgement packets.
+    ack_key: Arc<AckKey>,
+}
+
+impl KeyManager {
+    pub fn from_keys(
+        id_keypair: identity::KeyPair,
+        enc_keypair: encryption::KeyPair,
+        gateway_shared_key: SharedKeys,
+        ack_key: AckKey,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            identity_keypair: Arc::new(id_keypair),
+            encryption_keypair: Arc::new(enc_keypair),
+            gateway_shared_key: Arc::new(gateway_shared_key),
+            ack_key: Arc::new(ack_key),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn load_keys<S: KeyStore>(store: &S) -> Result<Self, S::StorageError> {
+        store.load_keys().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn persist_keys<S: KeyStore>(&self, store: &S) -> Result<(), S::StorageError> {
+        store.store_keys(self).await
+    }
+
+    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`identity::KeyPair`].
+    pub fn identity_keypair(&self) -> Arc<identity::KeyPair> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.identity_keypair)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`encryption::KeyPair`].
+    pub fn encryption_keypair(&self) -> Arc<encryption::KeyPair> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.encryption_keypair)
+    }
+    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`AckKey`].
+    pub fn ack_key(&self) -> Arc<AckKey> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.ack_key)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets an atomically reference counted pointer to [`SharedKey`].
+    pub fn gateway_shared_key(&self) -> Arc<SharedKeys> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.gateway_shared_key)
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_gateway_key(self) -> KeyManagerBuilder {
+        if Arc::strong_count(&self.gateway_shared_key) > 1 {
+            panic!("attempted to remove gateway key whilst still holding multiple references!")
+        }
+        KeyManagerBuilder {
+            identity_keypair: self.identity_keypair,
+            encryption_keypair: self.encryption_keypair,
+            ack_key: self.ack_key,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn _assert_keys_zeroize_on_drop() {
+    fn _assert_zeroize_on_drop<T: ZeroizeOnDrop>() {}
+
+    _assert_zeroize_on_drop::<identity::KeyPair>();
+    _assert_zeroize_on_drop::<encryption::KeyPair>();
+    _assert_zeroize_on_drop::<AckKey>();
+    _assert_zeroize_on_drop::<SharedKeys>();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Copyright 2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use crate::client::key_manager::KeyManager;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::error::Error;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use crate::config::persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use crate::config::Config;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_pemstore::traits::{PemStorableKey, PemStorableKeyPair};
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
+
+// we have to define it as an async trait since wasm storage is async
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+pub trait KeyStore {
+    type StorageError: Error;
+
+    async fn load_keys(&self) -> Result<KeyManager, Self::StorageError>;
+
+    async fn store_keys(&self, keys: &KeyManager) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError>;
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum OnDiskKeysError {
+    #[error("failed to load {keys} keys from {:?} (private key) and {:?} (public key): {err}", .paths.private_key_path, .paths.public_key_path)]
+    KeyPairLoadFailure {
+        keys: String,
+        paths: nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath,
+        err: std::io::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[error("failed to store {keys} keys to {:?} (private key) and {:?} (public key): {err}", .paths.private_key_path, .paths.public_key_path)]
+    KeyPairStoreFailure {
+        keys: String,
+        paths: nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath,
+        err: std::io::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[error("failed to load {key} key from {path}: {err}")]
+    KeyLoadFailure {
+        key: String,
+        path: String,
+        err: std::io::Error,
+    },
+
+    #[error("failed to store {key} key to {path}: {err}")]
+    KeyStoreFailure {
+        key: String,
+        path: String,
+        err: std::io::Error,
+    },
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub struct OnDiskKeys {
+    pathfinder: ClientKeyPathfinder,
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+impl From<ClientKeyPathfinder> for OnDiskKeys {
+    fn from(pathfinder: ClientKeyPathfinder) -> Self {
+        OnDiskKeys { pathfinder }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+impl OnDiskKeys {
+    pub fn new(pathfinder: ClientKeyPathfinder) -> Self {
+        OnDiskKeys { pathfinder }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_config<T>(config: &Config<T>) -> Self {
+        OnDiskKeys::new(ClientKeyPathfinder::new_from_config(config))
+    }
+
+    fn load_key<T: PemStorableKey>(
+        &self,
+        path: &std::path::Path,
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<T, OnDiskKeysError> {
+        nym_pemstore::load_key(path).map_err(|err| OnDiskKeysError::KeyLoadFailure {
+            key: name.into(),
+            path: path.to_str().map(|s| s.to_owned()).unwrap_or_default(),
+            err,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn load_keypair<T: PemStorableKeyPair>(
+        &self,
+        paths: KeyPairPath,
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<T, OnDiskKeysError> {
+        nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&paths).map_err(|err| OnDiskKeysError::KeyPairLoadFailure {
+            keys: name.into(),
+            paths,
+            err,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn store_key<T: PemStorableKey>(
+        &self,
+        key: &T,
+        path: &std::path::Path,
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), OnDiskKeysError> {
+        nym_pemstore::store_key(key, path).map_err(|err| OnDiskKeysError::KeyStoreFailure {
+            key: name.into(),
+            path: path.to_str().map(|s| s.to_owned()).unwrap_or_default(),
+            err,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn store_keypair<T: PemStorableKeyPair>(
+        &self,
+        keys: &T,
+        paths: KeyPairPath,
+        name: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(), OnDiskKeysError> {
+        nym_pemstore::store_keypair(keys, &paths).map_err(|err| {
+            OnDiskKeysError::KeyPairStoreFailure {
+                keys: name.into(),
+                paths,
+                err,
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn load_keys(&self) -> Result<KeyManager, OnDiskKeysError> {
+        let identity_paths = self.pathfinder.identity_key_pair_path();
+        let encryption_paths = self.pathfinder.encryption_key_pair_path();
+
+        let identity_keypair: identity::KeyPair =
+            self.load_keypair(identity_paths, "identity keys")?;
+        let encryption_keypair: encryption::KeyPair =
+            self.load_keypair(encryption_paths, "encryption keys")?;
+
+        let ack_key: AckKey = self.load_key(self.pathfinder.ack_key(), "ack key")?;
+        let gateway_shared_key: SharedKeys =
+            self.load_key(self.pathfinder.gateway_shared_key(), "gateway shared keys")?;
+
+        Ok(KeyManager::from_keys(
+            identity_keypair,
+            encryption_keypair,
+            gateway_shared_key,
+            ack_key,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn store_keys(&self, keys: &KeyManager) -> Result<(), OnDiskKeysError> {
+        let identity_paths = self.pathfinder.identity_key_pair_path();
+        let encryption_paths = self.pathfinder.encryption_key_pair_path();
+
+        self.store_keypair(
+            keys.identity_keypair.as_ref(),
+            identity_paths,
+            "identity keys",
+        )?;
+        self.store_keypair(
+            keys.encryption_keypair.as_ref(),
+            encryption_paths,
+            "encryption keys",
+        )?;
+
+        self.store_key(keys.ack_key.as_ref(), self.pathfinder.ack_key(), "ack key")?;
+        self.store_key(
+            keys.gateway_shared_key.as_ref(),
+            self.pathfinder.gateway_shared_key(),
+            "gateway shared keys",
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+impl KeyStore for OnDiskKeys {
+    type StorageError = OnDiskKeysError;
+
+    async fn load_keys(&self) -> Result<KeyManager, Self::StorageError> {
+        self.load_keys()
+    }
+
+    async fn store_keys(&self, keys: &KeyManager) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
+        self.store_keys(keys)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct InMemEphemeralKeys;
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("ephemeral keys can't be loaded from storage")]
+pub struct EphemeralKeysError;
+
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+impl KeyStore for InMemEphemeralKeys {
+    type StorageError = EphemeralKeysError;
+
+    async fn load_keys(&self) -> Result<KeyManager, Self::StorageError> {
+        Err(EphemeralKeysError)
+    }
+
+    async fn store_keys(&self, _keys: &KeyManager) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -35,19 +35,20 @@ impl<C, St> MixTrafficController<C, St>
 where
    C: DkgQueryClient + Sync + Send + 'static,
    St: Storage + 'static,
+    <St as Storage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
    pub fn new(
        gateway_client: GatewayClient<C, St>,
    ) -> (MixTrafficController<C, St>, BatchMixMessageSender) {
-        let (sphinx_message_sender, sphinx_message_receiver) =
+        let (message_sender, message_receiver) =
            tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(MIX_MESSAGE_RECEIVER_BUFFER_SIZE);
        (
            MixTrafficController {
                gateway_client,
-                mix_rx: sphinx_message_receiver,
+                mix_rx: message_receiver,
                consecutive_gateway_failure_count: 0,
            },
-            sphinx_message_sender,
+            message_sender,
        )
    }

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl AcknowledgementListener {
        while !shutdown.is_shutdown() {
            tokio::select! {
                acks = self.ack_receiver.next() => match acks {
-                    Some(acks) => self.handle_ack_receiver_item(acks).await,
+                    Some(acks) => {self.handle_ack_receiver_item(acks).await}
                    None => {
                        log::trace!("AcknowledgementListener: Stopping since channel closed");
                        break;
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@

 use crate::client::inbound_messages::{InputMessage, InputMessageReceiver};
 use crate::client::real_messages_control::message_handler::MessageHandler;
+use crate::client::real_messages_control::real_traffic_stream::RealMessage;
 use crate::client::replies::reply_controller::ReplyControllerSender;
 use log::*;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
+use nym_sphinx::forwarding::packet::MixPacket;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;
 use rand::{CryptoRng, Rng};

@@ -41,6 +44,18 @@ where
        }
    }

+    async fn handle_premade_packets(&mut self, packets: Vec<MixPacket>, lane: TransmissionLane) {
+        self.message_handler
+            .send_premade_mix_packets(
+                packets
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|p| RealMessage::new(p, None))
+                    .collect(),
+                lane,
+            )
+            .await
+    }
+
    async fn handle_reply(
        &mut self,
        recipient_tag: AnonymousSenderTag,
@@ -57,10 +72,11 @@ where
        recipient: Recipient,
        content: Vec<u8>,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) {
        if let Err(err) = self
            .message_handler
-            .try_send_plain_message(recipient, content, lane)
+            .try_send_plain_message(recipient, content, lane, packet_type)
            .await
        {
            warn!("failed to send a plain message - {err}")
@@ -73,10 +89,11 @@ where
        content: Vec<u8>,
        reply_surbs: u32,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) {
        if let Err(err) = self
            .message_handler
-            .try_send_message_with_reply_surbs(recipient, content, reply_surbs, lane)
+            .try_send_message_with_reply_surbs(recipient, content, reply_surbs, lane, packet_type)
            .await
        {
            warn!("failed to send a repliable message - {err}")
@@ -89,14 +106,17 @@ where
                recipient,
                data,
                lane,
-            } => self.handle_plain_message(recipient, data, lane).await,
+            } => {
+                self.handle_plain_message(recipient, data, lane, PacketType::Mix)
+                    .await
+            }
            InputMessage::Anonymous {
                recipient,
                data,
                reply_surbs,
                lane,
            } => {
-                self.handle_repliable_message(recipient, data, reply_surbs, lane)
+                self.handle_repliable_message(recipient, data, reply_surbs, lane, PacketType::Mix)
                    .await
            }
            InputMessage::Reply {
@@ -106,6 +126,41 @@ where
            } => {
                self.handle_reply(recipient_tag, data, lane).await;
            }
+            InputMessage::Premade { msgs, lane } => self.handle_premade_packets(msgs, lane).await,
+            InputMessage::MessageWrapper {
+                message,
+                packet_type,
+            } => match *message {
+                InputMessage::Regular {
+                    recipient,
+                    data,
+                    lane,
+                } => {
+                    self.handle_plain_message(recipient, data, lane, packet_type)
+                        .await
+                }
+                InputMessage::Anonymous {
+                    recipient,
+                    data,
+                    reply_surbs,
+                    lane,
+                } => {
+                    self.handle_repliable_message(recipient, data, reply_surbs, lane, packet_type)
+                        .await
+                }
+                InputMessage::Reply {
+                    recipient_tag,
+                    data,
+                    lane,
+                } => {
+                    self.handle_reply(recipient_tag, data, lane).await;
+                }
+                InputMessage::Premade { msgs, lane } => {
+                    self.handle_premade_packets(msgs, lane).await
+                }
+                // MessageWrappers can't be nested
+                InputMessage::MessageWrapper { .. } => unimplemented!(),
+            },
        };
    }

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use futures::channel::mpsc;
 use log::*;
 use nym_gateway_client::AcknowledgementReceiver;
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::AnonymousSenderTag;
-use nym_sphinx::params::PacketSize;
+use nym_sphinx::params::{PacketSize, PacketType};
 use nym_sphinx::{
    acknowledgements::AckKey,
    addressing::clients::Recipient,
@@ -249,7 +249,11 @@ where
        }
    }

-    pub(super) fn start_with_shutdown(self, shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient) {
+    pub(super) fn start_with_shutdown(
+        self,
+        shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
+    ) {
        let mut acknowledgement_listener = self.acknowledgement_listener;
        let mut input_message_listener = self.input_message_listener;
        let mut retransmission_request_listener = self.retransmission_request_listener;
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ where
        let shutdown_handle = shutdown.clone();
        spawn_future(async move {
            retransmission_request_listener
-                .run_with_shutdown(shutdown_handle)
+                .run_with_shutdown(shutdown_handle, packet_type)
                .await;
            debug!("The retransmission request listener has finished execution!");
        });
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ use crate::client::real_messages_control::real_traffic_stream::RealMessage;
 use crate::client::replies::reply_controller::ReplyControllerSender;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use log::*;
-use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
 use nym_sphinx::chunking::fragment::Fragment;
 use nym_sphinx::preparer::PreparedFragment;
+use nym_sphinx::{addressing::clients::Recipient, params::PacketType};
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;
 use rand::{CryptoRng, Rng};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
@@ -48,17 +48,20 @@ where
        &mut self,
        packet_recipient: Recipient,
        chunk_data: Fragment,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<PreparedFragment, PreparationError> {
        debug!("retransmitting normal packet...");

+        // TODO: Figure out retransmission packet type signaling
        self.message_handler
-            .try_prepare_single_chunk_for_sending(packet_recipient, chunk_data)
+            .try_prepare_single_chunk_for_sending(packet_recipient, chunk_data, packet_type)
            .await
    }

    async fn on_retransmission_request(
        &mut self,
        weak_timed_out_ack: Weak<PendingAcknowledgement>,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) {
        let timed_out_ack = match weak_timed_out_ack.upgrade() {
            Some(timed_out_ack) => timed_out_ack,
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ where
                self.prepare_normal_retransmission_chunk(
                    **recipient,
                    timed_out_ack.message_chunk.clone(),
+                    packet_type,
                )
                .await
            }
@@ -131,19 +135,26 @@ where
        // send to `OutQueueControl` to eventually send to the mix network
        self.message_handler
            .forward_messages(
-                vec![RealMessage::new(prepared_fragment.mix_packet, frag_id)],
+                vec![RealMessage::new(
+                    prepared_fragment.mix_packet,
+                    Some(frag_id),
+                )],
                TransmissionLane::Retransmission,
            )
            .await
    }

-    pub(super) async fn run_with_shutdown(&mut self, mut shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient) {
+    pub(super) async fn run_with_shutdown(
+        &mut self,
+        mut shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
+    ) {
        debug!("Started RetransmissionRequestListener with graceful shutdown support");

        while !shutdown.is_shutdown() {
            tokio::select! {
                timed_out_ack = self.request_receiver.next() => match timed_out_ack {
-                    Some(timed_out_ack) => self.on_retransmission_request(timed_out_ack).await,
+                    Some(timed_out_ack) => self.on_retransmission_request(timed_out_ack, packet_type).await,
                    None => {
                        log::trace!("RetransmissionRequestListener: Stopping since channel closed");
                        break;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::requests::{AnonymousSenderTag, RepliableMessa
 use nym_sphinx::anonymous_replies::{ReplySurb, SurbEncryptionKey};
 use nym_sphinx::chunking::fragment::{Fragment, FragmentIdentifier};
 use nym_sphinx::message::NymMessage;
-use nym_sphinx::params::{PacketSize, DEFAULT_NUM_MIX_HOPS};
+use nym_sphinx::params::{PacketSize, PacketType, DEFAULT_NUM_MIX_HOPS};
 use nym_sphinx::preparer::{MessagePreparer, PreparedFragment};
 use nym_sphinx::Delay;
 use nym_task::connections::TransmissionLane;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use thiserror::Error;

 // TODO: move that error elsewhere since it seems to be contaminating different files
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Error)]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum PreparationError {
    #[error(transparent)]
    NymTopologyError(#[from] NymTopologyError),
@@ -291,8 +291,10 @@ where
            .try_prepare_single_reply_chunk_for_sending(reply_surb, chunk_clone)
            .await?;

-        let real_messages =
-            RealMessage::new(prepared_fragment.mix_packet, chunk.fragment_identifier());
+        let real_messages = RealMessage::new(
+            prepared_fragment.mix_packet,
+            Some(chunk.fragment_identifier()),
+        );
        let delay = prepared_fragment.total_delay;
        let pending_ack =
            PendingAcknowledgement::new_anonymous(chunk, delay, target, is_extra_surb_request);
@@ -384,7 +386,8 @@ where
            let lane = raw.0;
            let fragment = raw.1;

-            let real_message = RealMessage::new(prepared.mix_packet, prepared.fragment_identifier);
+            let real_message =
+                RealMessage::new(prepared.mix_packet, Some(prepared.fragment_identifier));
            let delay = prepared.total_delay;
            let pending_ack = PendingAcknowledgement::new_anonymous(fragment, delay, target, false);

@@ -401,14 +404,23 @@ where
        Ok(())
    }

+    pub(crate) async fn send_premade_mix_packets(
+        &mut self,
+        msgs: Vec<RealMessage>,
+        lane: TransmissionLane,
+    ) {
+        self.forward_messages(msgs, lane).await;
+    }
+
    pub(crate) async fn try_send_plain_message(
        &mut self,
        recipient: Recipient,
        message: Vec<u8>,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<(), PreparationError> {
        let message = NymMessage::new_plain(message);
-        self.try_split_and_send_non_reply_message(message, recipient, lane)
+        self.try_split_and_send_non_reply_message(message, recipient, lane, packet_type)
            .await
    }

@@ -417,7 +429,9 @@ where
        message: NymMessage,
        recipient: Recipient,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<(), PreparationError> {
+        debug!("Sending non-reply message with packet type {packet_type}");
        // TODO: I really dislike existence of this assertion, it implies code has to be re-organised
        debug_assert!(!matches!(message, NymMessage::Reply(_)));

@@ -425,7 +439,11 @@ where
        let topology_permit = self.topology_access.get_read_permit().await;
        let topology = self.get_topology(&topology_permit)?;

-        let packet_size = self.optimal_packet_size(&message);
+        let packet_size = if packet_type == PacketType::Outfox {
+            PacketSize::OutfoxRegularPacket
+        } else {
+            self.optimal_packet_size(&message)
+        };
        debug!("Using {packet_size} packets for {message}");
        let fragments = self
            .message_preparer
@@ -442,10 +460,13 @@ where
                topology,
                &self.config.ack_key,
                &recipient,
+                packet_type,
            )?;

-            let real_message =
-                RealMessage::new(prepared_fragment.mix_packet, fragment.fragment_identifier());
+            let real_message = RealMessage::new(
+                prepared_fragment.mix_packet,
+                Some(fragment.fragment_identifier()),
+            );
            let delay = prepared_fragment.total_delay;
            let pending_ack = PendingAcknowledgement::new_known(fragment, delay, recipient);

@@ -463,7 +484,9 @@ where
        &mut self,
        recipient: Recipient,
        amount: u32,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<(), PreparationError> {
+        debug!("Sending additional reply SURBs with packet type {packet_type}");
        let sender_tag = self.get_or_create_sender_tag(&recipient);
        let (reply_surbs, reply_keys) =
            self.generate_reply_surbs_with_keys(amount as usize).await?;
@@ -477,6 +500,7 @@ where
            message,
            recipient,
            TransmissionLane::AdditionalReplySurbs,
+            packet_type,
        )
        .await?;

@@ -492,7 +516,9 @@ where
        message: Vec<u8>,
        num_reply_surbs: u32,
        lane: TransmissionLane,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<(), SurbWrappedPreparationError> {
+        debug!("Sending message with reply SURBs with packet type {packet_type}");
        let sender_tag = self.get_or_create_sender_tag(&recipient);
        let (reply_surbs, reply_keys) = self
            .generate_reply_surbs_with_keys(num_reply_surbs as usize)
@@ -501,7 +527,7 @@ where
        let message =
            NymMessage::new_repliable(RepliableMessage::new_data(message, sender_tag, reply_surbs));

-        self.try_split_and_send_non_reply_message(message, recipient, lane)
+        self.try_split_and_send_non_reply_message(message, recipient, lane, packet_type)
            .await?;

        log::trace!("storing {} reply keys", reply_keys.len());
@@ -514,13 +540,21 @@ where
        &mut self,
        recipient: Recipient,
        chunk: Fragment,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> Result<PreparedFragment, PreparationError> {
+        debug!("Sending single chunk with packet type {packet_type}");
        let topology_permit = self.topology_access.get_read_permit().await;
        let topology = self.get_topology(&topology_permit)?;

        let prepared_fragment = self
            .message_preparer
-            .prepare_chunk_for_sending(chunk, topology, &self.config.ack_key, &recipient)
+            .prepare_chunk_for_sending(
+                chunk,
+                topology,
+                &self.config.ack_key,
+                &recipient,
+                packet_type,
+            )
            .unwrap();

        Ok(prepared_fragment)
@@ -556,6 +590,7 @@ where
                        topology,
                        &self.config.ack_key,
                        reply_surb,
+                        PacketType::Mix,
                    )
                    .unwrap()
            })
@@ -575,7 +610,13 @@ where

        let prepared_fragment = self
            .message_preparer
-            .prepare_reply_chunk_for_sending(chunk, topology, &self.config.ack_key, reply_surb)
+            .prepare_reply_chunk_for_sending(
+                chunk,
+                topology,
+                &self.config.ack_key,
+                reply_surb,
+                PacketType::Mix,
+            )
            .unwrap();

        Ok(prepared_fragment)
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use log::*;
 use nym_gateway_client::AcknowledgementReceiver;
 use nym_sphinx::acknowledgements::AckKey;
 use nym_sphinx::addressing::clients::Recipient;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
 use nym_task::connections::{ConnectionCommandReceiver, LaneQueueLengths};
 use rand::{rngs::OsRng, CryptoRng, Rng};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ impl RealMessagesController<OsRng> {
        }
    }

-    pub fn start_with_shutdown(self, shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient) {
+    pub fn start_with_shutdown(self, shutdown: nym_task::TaskClient, packet_type: PacketType) {
        let mut out_queue_control = self.out_queue_control;
        let ack_control = self.ack_control;
        let mut reply_control = self.reply_control;
@@ -223,6 +224,6 @@ impl RealMessagesController<OsRng> {
            debug!("The reply controller has finished execution!");
        });

-        ack_control.start_with_shutdown(shutdown);
+        ack_control.start_with_shutdown(shutdown, packet_type);
    }
 }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ where
    // messages.
    sending_delay_controller: SendingDelayController,

-    /// Channel used for sending prepared sphinx packets to `MixTrafficController` that sends them
+    /// Channel used for sending prepared packets to `MixTrafficController` that sends them
    /// out to the network without any further delays.
    mix_tx: BatchMixMessageSender,

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ where
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct RealMessage {
    mix_packet: MixPacket,
-    fragment_id: FragmentIdentifier,
+    fragment_id: Option<FragmentIdentifier>,
    // TODO: add info about it being constructed with reply-surb
 }

@@ -129,17 +129,17 @@ impl From<PreparedFragment> for RealMessage {
    fn from(fragment: PreparedFragment) -> Self {
        RealMessage {
            mix_packet: fragment.mix_packet,
-            fragment_id: fragment.fragment_identifier,
+            fragment_id: Some(fragment.fragment_identifier),
        }
    }
 }

 impl RealMessage {
    pub(crate) fn packet_size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.mix_packet.sphinx_packet().len()
+        self.mix_packet.packet().len()
    }

-    pub(crate) fn new(mix_packet: MixPacket, fragment_id: FragmentIdentifier) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(mix_packet: MixPacket, fragment_id: Option<FragmentIdentifier>) -> Self {
        RealMessage {
            mix_packet,
            fragment_id,
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ where
                        self.config.average_ack_delay,
                        self.config.traffic.average_packet_delay,
                        cover_traffic_packet_size,
+                        self.config.traffic.packet_type.unwrap_or_default(),
                    )
                    .expect(
                        "Somehow failed to generate a loop cover message with a valid topology",
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ where
                )
            }
            StreamMessage::Real(real_message) => {
-                (real_message.mix_packet, Some(real_message.fragment_id))
+                (real_message.mix_packet, real_message.fragment_id)
            }
        };

@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ where

            // On every iteration we get new messages from upstream. Given that these come bunched
            // in `Vec`, this ensures that on average we will fetch messages faster than we can
-            // send, which is a condition for being able to multiplex sphinx packets from multiple
+            // send, which is a condition for being able to multiplex packets from multiple
            // data streams.
            match Pin::new(&mut self.real_receiver).poll_recv(cx) {
                // in the case our real message channel stream was closed, we should also indicate we are closed
@@ -512,7 +512,11 @@ where
            let to_send = min(remaining, 100);
            if let Err(err) = self
                .message_handler
-                .try_send_additional_reply_surbs(recipient, to_send)
+                .try_send_additional_reply_surbs(
+                    recipient,
+                    to_send,
+                    nym_sphinx::params::PacketType::Mix,
+                )
                .await
            {
                warn!("failed to send additional surbs to {recipient} - {err}");
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::backend::Empty;
 use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::{CombinedReplyStorage, ReplyStorageBackend};
 use async_trait::async_trait;

-use std::path::PathBuf;
-
 // well, right now we don't have the browser storage : (
 // so we keep everything in memory
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -29,22 +27,6 @@ impl Backend {
 impl ReplyStorageBackend for Backend {
    type StorageError = <Empty as ReplyStorageBackend>::StorageError;

-    async fn new(
-        debug_config: &crate::config::DebugConfig,
-        _db_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::StorageError> {
-        Ok(Backend {
-            empty: Empty {
-                min_surb_threshold: debug_config
-                    .reply_surbs
-                    .minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-                max_surb_threshold: debug_config
-                    .reply_surbs
-                    .maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-            },
-        })
-    }
-
    async fn flush_surb_storage(
        &mut self,
        storage: &CombinedReplyStorage,
@@ -59,8 +41,4 @@ impl ReplyStorageBackend for Backend {
    async fn load_surb_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError> {
        self.empty.load_surb_storage().await
    }
-
-    fn get_inactive_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError> {
-        self.empty.get_inactive_storage()
-    }
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

-use crate::client::base_client::non_wasm_helpers;
 use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::backend::fs_backend::manager::StorageManager;
 use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::backend::fs_backend::models::{
    ReplySurbStorageMetadata, StoredReplyKey, StoredReplySurb, StoredSenderTag, StoredSurbSender,
@@ -23,49 +22,11 @@ mod error;
 mod manager;
 mod models;

-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum StorageManagerState {
-    Storage(StorageManager),
-    Inactive(InactiveMetadata),
-}
-
-// When the storage backaed is initialized as inactive, it will still contain metadata parameters
-// that will be needed when the in-mem storage is fetched for use.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct InactiveMetadata {
-    pub minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold: usize,
-    pub maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold: usize,
-}
-
-impl StorageManagerState {
-    fn get(&self) -> &StorageManager {
-        match self {
-            StorageManagerState::Storage(manager) => manager,
-            StorageManagerState::Inactive(_) => {
-                panic!("tried to get storage of an inactive backend")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut StorageManager {
-        match self {
-            StorageManagerState::Storage(manager) => manager,
-            StorageManagerState::Inactive(_) => {
-                panic!("tried to get storage of an inactive backend")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, StorageManagerState::Storage(_))
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Backend {
    temporary_old_path: Option<PathBuf>,
    database_path: PathBuf,
-    manager: StorageManagerState,
+    manager: StorageManager,
 }

 impl Backend {
@@ -85,26 +46,12 @@ impl Backend {
        let backend = Backend {
            temporary_old_path: None,
            database_path: owned_path,
-            manager: StorageManagerState::Storage(manager),
+            manager,
        };

        Ok(backend)
    }

-    pub fn new_inactive(
-        minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold: usize,
-        maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold: usize,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Backend {
-            temporary_old_path: None,
-            database_path: PathBuf::new(),
-            manager: StorageManagerState::Inactive(InactiveMetadata {
-                minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-                maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-
    pub async fn try_load<P: AsRef<Path>>(database_path: P) -> Result<Self, StorageError> {
        let owned_path: PathBuf = database_path.as_ref().into();
        if owned_path.file_name().is_none() {
@@ -176,12 +123,13 @@ impl Backend {
        Ok(Backend {
            temporary_old_path: None,
            database_path: owned_path,
-            manager: StorageManagerState::Storage(manager),
+            // manager: StorageManagerState::Storage(manager),
+            manager,
        })
    }

    async fn close_pool(&mut self) {
-        self.manager.get_mut().connection_pool.close().await;
+        self.manager.connection_pool.close().await;
    }

    async fn rotate(&mut self) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
@@ -200,9 +148,8 @@ impl Backend {

        fs::rename(&self.database_path, &temp_old)
            .map_err(|err| StorageError::DatabaseRenameError { source: err })?;
-        self.manager =
-            StorageManagerState::Storage(StorageManager::init(&self.database_path, true).await?);
-        self.manager.get_mut().create_status_table().await?;
+        self.manager = StorageManager::init(&self.database_path, true).await?;
+        self.manager.create_status_table().await?;

        self.temporary_old_path = Some(temp_old);
        Ok(())
@@ -219,27 +166,26 @@ impl Backend {
    }

    async fn start_storage_flush(&self) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
-        Ok(self.manager.get().set_flush_status(true).await?)
+        Ok(self.manager.set_flush_status(true).await?)
    }

    async fn end_storage_flush(&self) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
        self.manager
-            .get()
            .set_previous_flush_timestamp(OffsetDateTime::now_utc().unix_timestamp())
            .await?;
-        Ok(self.manager.get().set_flush_status(false).await?)
+        Ok(self.manager.set_flush_status(false).await?)
    }

    async fn start_client_use(&self) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
-        Ok(self.manager.get().set_client_in_use_status(true).await?)
+        Ok(self.manager.set_client_in_use_status(true).await?)
    }

    async fn stop_client_use(&self) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
-        Ok(self.manager.get().set_client_in_use_status(false).await?)
+        Ok(self.manager.set_client_in_use_status(false).await?)
    }

    async fn get_stored_tags(&self) -> Result<UsedSenderTags, StorageError> {
-        let stored = self.manager.get().get_tags().await?;
+        let stored = self.manager.get_tags().await?;

        // stop at the first instance of corruption. if even a single entry is malformed,
        // something weird has happened and we can't trust the rest of the data
@@ -255,7 +201,6 @@ impl Backend {
        for map_ref in tags.as_raw_iter() {
            let (recipient, tag) = map_ref.pair();
            self.manager
-                .get()
                .insert_tag(StoredSenderTag::new(*recipient, *tag))
                .await?;
        }
@@ -263,7 +208,7 @@ impl Backend {
    }

    async fn get_stored_reply_keys(&self) -> Result<SentReplyKeys, StorageError> {
-        let stored = self.manager.get().get_reply_keys().await?;
+        let stored = self.manager.get_reply_keys().await?;

        // stop at the first instance of corruption. if even a single entry is malformed,
        // something weird has happened and we can't trust the rest of the data
@@ -279,7 +224,6 @@ impl Backend {
        for map_ref in reply_keys.as_raw_iter() {
            let (digest, key) = map_ref.pair();
            self.manager
-                .get()
                .insert_reply_key(StoredReplyKey::new(*digest, *key))
                .await?;
        }
@@ -287,7 +231,7 @@ impl Backend {
    }

    async fn get_stored_reply_surbs(&self) -> Result<ReceivedReplySurbsMap, StorageError> {
-        let surb_senders = self.manager.get().get_surb_senders().await?;
+        let surb_senders = self.manager.get_surb_senders().await?;

        let metadata = self.get_reply_surb_storage_metadata().await?;
        let mut received_surbs = Vec::with_capacity(surb_senders.len());
@@ -297,7 +241,6 @@ impl Backend {
                sender.try_into()?;
            let stored_surbs = self
                .manager
-                .get()
                .get_reply_surbs(sender_id)
                .await?
                .into_iter()
@@ -325,7 +268,6 @@ impl Backend {
            let (tag, received_surbs) = map_ref.pair();
            let sender_id = self
                .manager
-                .get()
                .insert_surb_sender(StoredSurbSender::new(
                    *tag,
                    received_surbs.surbs_last_received_at(),
@@ -334,7 +276,6 @@ impl Backend {

            for reply_surb in received_surbs.surbs_ref() {
                self.manager
-                    .get()
                    .insert_reply_surb(StoredReplySurb::new(sender_id, reply_surb))
                    .await?
            }
@@ -346,7 +287,6 @@ impl Backend {
        &self,
    ) -> Result<ReplySurbStorageMetadata, StorageError> {
        self.manager
-            .get()
            .get_reply_surb_storage_metadata()
            .await
            .map_err(Into::into)
@@ -357,7 +297,6 @@ impl Backend {
        reply_surbs: &ReceivedReplySurbsMap,
    ) -> Result<(), StorageError> {
        self.manager
-            .get()
            .insert_reply_surb_storage_metadata(ReplySurbStorageMetadata::new(
                reply_surbs.min_surb_threshold(),
                reply_surbs.max_surb_threshold(),
@@ -371,24 +310,6 @@ impl Backend {
 impl ReplyStorageBackend for Backend {
    type StorageError = error::StorageError;

-    async fn new(
-        debug_config: &crate::config::DebugConfig,
-        db_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::StorageError> {
-        non_wasm_helpers::setup_fs_reply_surb_backend(db_path, debug_config)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                log::error!("Failed to create storage: {err}");
-                Self::StorageError::FailedToCreateStorage {
-                    source: Box::new(err),
-                }
-            })
-    }
-
-    fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
-        self.manager.is_active()
-    }
-
    async fn start_storage_session(&self) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
        self.start_client_use().await
    }
@@ -426,18 +347,6 @@ impl ReplyStorageBackend for Backend {
        Ok(CombinedReplyStorage::load(reply_keys, reply_surbs, tags))
    }

-    fn get_inactive_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError> {
-        match self.manager {
-            StorageManagerState::Storage(_) => {
-                panic!("tried to get inactive storage from an active storage backend")
-            }
-            StorageManagerState::Inactive(ref state) => Ok(CombinedReplyStorage::new(
-                state.minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-                state.maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-
    async fn stop_storage_session(self) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
        self.stop_client_use().await
    }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 use crate::client::replies::reply_storage::CombinedReplyStorage;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use std::{error::Error, path::PathBuf};
+use std::error::Error;
 use thiserror::Error;

 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
@@ -26,24 +26,19 @@ pub struct Empty {
    pub max_surb_threshold: usize,
 }

+impl Default for Empty {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Empty {
+            min_surb_threshold: 20,
+            max_surb_threshold: 200,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl ReplyStorageBackend for Empty {
    type StorageError = UndefinedError;

-    async fn new(
-        debug_config: &crate::config::DebugConfig,
-        _db_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::StorageError> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            min_surb_threshold: debug_config
-                .reply_surbs
-                .minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-            max_surb_threshold: debug_config
-                .reply_surbs
-                .maximum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
-        })
-    }
-
    async fn flush_surb_storage(
        &mut self,
        _storage: &CombinedReplyStorage,
@@ -64,28 +59,12 @@ impl ReplyStorageBackend for Empty {
            self.max_surb_threshold,
        ))
    }
-
-    fn get_inactive_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError> {
-        Ok(CombinedReplyStorage::new(
-            self.min_surb_threshold,
-            self.max_surb_threshold,
-        ))
-    }
 }

 #[async_trait]
 pub trait ReplyStorageBackend: Sized {
    type StorageError: Error + 'static;

-    async fn new(
-        debug_config: &crate::config::DebugConfig,
-        db_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::StorageError>;
-
-    fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
    async fn start_storage_session(&self) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -103,11 +82,6 @@ pub trait ReplyStorageBackend: Sized {

    async fn load_surb_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError>;

-    /// In the case the storage backend is initialized in an inactive state (persisting data is
-    /// disabled), we might still need to fetch the (in-mem) storage and the parameters it was
-    /// created with.
-    fn get_inactive_storage(&self) -> Result<CombinedReplyStorage, Self::StorageError>;
-
    async fn stop_storage_session(self) -> Result<(), Self::StorageError> {
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl TopologyRefresherConfig {
 }

 pub struct TopologyRefresher {
-    topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider>,
+    topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>,
    topology_accessor: TopologyAccessor,

    refresh_rate: Duration,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl TopologyRefresher {
    pub fn new(
        cfg: TopologyRefresherConfig,
        topology_accessor: TopologyAccessor,
-        topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider>,
+        topology_provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>,
    ) -> Self {
        TopologyRefresher {
            topology_provider,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl TopologyRefresher {
        }
    }

-    pub fn change_topology_provider(&mut self, provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider>) {
+    pub fn change_topology_provider(&mut self, provider: Box<dyn TopologyProvider + Send + Sync>) {
        self.topology_provider = provider;
    }

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl SizedData for RealMessage {

 impl SizedData for Fragment {
    fn data_size(&self) -> usize {
-        // note that raw `Fragment` is smaller than sphinx packet payload
+        // note that raw `Fragment` is smaller than packet payload
        // as it doesn't include surb-ack or the [shared] key materials
        self.payload_size()
    }
@@ -3,19 +3,30 @@

 use nym_config::defaults::NymNetworkDetails;
 use nym_config::{NymConfig, OptionalSet, CRED_DB_FILE_NAME};
-use nym_sphinx::params::PacketSize;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
+use nym_sphinx::params::{PacketSize, PacketType};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use url::Url;

+use crate::error::ClientCoreError;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;

 pub mod old_config_v1_1_13;
 pub mod persistence;

+pub const DEFAULT_PRIVATE_IDENTITY_KEY_FILENAME: &str = "private_identity.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_PUBLIC_IDENTITY_KEY_FILENAME: &str = "public_identity.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_PRIVATE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILENAME: &str = "private_encryption.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_PUBLIC_ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILENAME: &str = "public_encryption.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_GATEWAY_KEYS_FILENAME: &str = "gateway_shared.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_ACK_KEY_FILENAME: &str = "ack_key.pem";
+pub const DEFAULT_REPLY_STORE_FILENAME: &str = "persistent_reply_store.sqlite";
+pub const DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORE_FILENAME: &str = CRED_DB_FILE_NAME;
+
 pub const MISSING_VALUE: &str = "MISSING VALUE";

 // 'DEBUG'
@@ -107,6 +118,37 @@ impl<T> Config<T> {
        self
    }

+    #[must_use]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    // TODO: this totally contradicts our trait... we REALLY have to refactor it...
+    pub fn reset_data_directory<P: AsRef<Path>>(mut self, dir: P) -> Self {
+        self.client.private_identity_key_file =
+            dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_PRIVATE_IDENTITY_KEY_FILENAME);
+        self.client.public_identity_key_file =
+            dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_PUBLIC_IDENTITY_KEY_FILENAME);
+        self.client.private_encryption_key_file =
+            dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_PRIVATE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILENAME);
+        self.client.public_encryption_key_file =
+            dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_PUBLIC_ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILENAME);
+        self.client.gateway_shared_key_file = dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_KEYS_FILENAME);
+        self.client.ack_key_file = dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_ACK_KEY_FILENAME);
+        self.client.reply_surb_database_path = dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_REPLY_STORE_FILENAME);
+        self.client.database_path = dir.as_ref().join(DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORE_FILENAME);
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    // TODO: this totally contradicts our trait... we REALLY have to refactor it...
+    pub fn reset_nym_root_directory<P: AsRef<Path>>(mut self, dir: P) -> Self
+    where
+        T: NymConfig,
+    {
+        self.client.nym_root_directory = dir.as_ref().to_owned();
+        self
+    }
+
    pub fn set_empty_fields_to_defaults(&mut self) -> bool
    where
        T: NymConfig,
@@ -217,6 +259,11 @@ impl<T> Config<T> {
        self
    }

+    pub fn with_packet_type(mut self, packet_type: PacketType) -> Self {
+        self.client.packet_type = Some(packet_type);
+        self
+    }
+
    pub fn set_high_default_traffic_volume(&mut self) {
        self.debug.traffic.average_packet_delay = Duration::from_millis(10);
        // basically don't really send cover messages
@@ -404,6 +451,10 @@ impl<T> Config<T> {
    pub fn get_maximum_reply_key_age(&self) -> Duration {
        self.debug.reply_surbs.maximum_reply_key_age
    }
+
+    pub fn get_packet_type(&self) -> PacketType {
+        self.client.packet_type.unwrap_or(PacketType::Mix)
+    }
 }

 impl<T: NymConfig> Default for Config<T> {
@@ -446,6 +497,14 @@ impl GatewayEndpointConfig {
    }
 }

+// separate block so it wouldn't be exported via wasm bindgen
+impl GatewayEndpointConfig {
+    pub fn try_get_gateway_identity_key(&self) -> Result<identity::PublicKey, ClientCoreError> {
+        identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&self.gateway_id)
+            .map_err(ClientCoreError::UnableToCreatePublicKeyFromGatewayId)
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<nym_topology::gateway::Node> for GatewayEndpointConfig {
    fn from(node: nym_topology::gateway::Node) -> GatewayEndpointConfig {
        let gateway_listener = node.clients_address();
@@ -518,6 +577,8 @@ pub struct Client<T> {

    #[serde(skip)]
    pub super_struct: PhantomData<T>,
+
+    pub packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 impl<T: NymConfig> Default for Client<T> {
@@ -556,6 +617,7 @@ impl<T: NymConfig> Default for Client<T> {
            reply_surb_database_path: Default::default(),
            nym_root_directory: T::default_root_directory(),
            super_struct: Default::default(),
+            packet_type: Default::default(),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -627,6 +689,8 @@ pub struct Traffic {
    /// Note that its use decreases overall anonymity.
    /// Do not set it it unless you understand the consequences of that change.
    pub secondary_packet_size: Option<PacketSize>,
+
+    pub packet_type: Option<PacketType>,
 }

 impl Traffic {
@@ -650,6 +714,7 @@ impl Default for Traffic {
            disable_main_poisson_packet_distribution: false,
            primary_packet_size: PacketSize::RegularPacket,
            secondary_packet_size: None,
+            packet_type: None,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -743,6 +808,11 @@ pub struct Topology {
    /// did not reach its destination.
    #[serde(with = "humantime_serde")]
    pub topology_resolution_timeout: Duration,
+
+    /// Specifies whether the client should not refresh the network topology after obtaining
+    /// the first valid instance.
+    /// Supersedes `topology_refresh_rate_ms`.
+    pub disable_refreshing: bool,
 }

 impl Default for Topology {
@@ -750,6 +820,7 @@ impl Default for Topology {
        Topology {
            topology_refresh_rate: DEFAULT_TOPOLOGY_REFRESH_RATE,
            topology_resolution_timeout: DEFAULT_TOPOLOGY_RESOLUTION_TIMEOUT,
+            disable_refreshing: false,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ impl From<OldDebugConfigV1_1_13> for DebugConfig {
                    .disable_main_poisson_packet_distribution,
                primary_packet_size: PacketSize::RegularPacket,
                secondary_packet_size: value.use_extended_packet_size.map(Into::into),
+                packet_type: None,
            },
            cover_traffic: CoverTraffic {
                loop_cover_traffic_average_delay: value.loop_cover_traffic_average_delay,
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ impl From<OldDebugConfigV1_1_13> for DebugConfig {
            topology: Topology {
                topology_refresh_rate: value.topology_refresh_rate,
                topology_resolution_timeout: value.topology_resolution_timeout,
+                disable_refreshing: false,
            },
            reply_surbs: ReplySurbs {
                minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold: value.minimum_reply_surb_storage_threshold,
@@ -209,8 +211,8 @@ impl<T, U> From<OldConfigV1_1_13<T>> for Config<U> {
                database_path: value.client.database_path,
                reply_surb_database_path: value.client.reply_surb_database_path,
                nym_root_directory: value.client.nym_root_directory,
-
                super_struct: PhantomData,
+                packet_type: Some(nym_sphinx::params::PacketType::Mix),
            },
            logging: value.logging,
            debug: value.debug.into(),
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use crate::config::Config;
-use nym_config::NymConfig;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ impl ClientKeyPathfinder {
        }
    }

-    pub fn new_from_config<T: NymConfig>(config: &Config<T>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_from_config<T>(config: &Config<T>) -> Self {
        ClientKeyPathfinder {
            identity_private_key: config.get_private_identity_key_file(),
            identity_public_key: config.get_public_identity_key_file(),
@@ -40,6 +39,20 @@ impl ClientKeyPathfinder {
        }
    }

+    pub fn identity_key_pair_path(&self) -> nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath {
+        nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
+            self.private_identity_key().to_path_buf(),
+            self.public_identity_key().to_path_buf(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn encryption_key_pair_path(&self) -> nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath {
+        nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
+            self.private_encryption_key().to_path_buf(),
+            self.public_encryption_key().to_path_buf(),
+        )
+    }
+
    pub fn any_file_exists(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.identity_public_key.try_exists(), Ok(true))
            || matches!(self.identity_private_key.try_exists(), Ok(true))
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use nym_gateway_client::error::GatewayClientError;
 use nym_topology::gateway::GatewayConversionError;
 use nym_topology::NymTopologyError;
 use nym_validator_client::ValidatorClientError;
+use std::error::Error;

 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum ClientCoreError {
@@ -41,13 +42,18 @@ pub enum ClientCoreError {

    #[error("experienced a failure with our reply surb persistent storage: {source}")]
    SurbStorageError {
-        source: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>,
+        source: Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>,
+    },
+
+    #[error("experienced a failure with our cryptographic keys persistent storage: {source}")]
+    KeyStoreError {
+        source: Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>,
    },

    #[error("The gateway id is invalid - {0}")]
    UnableToCreatePublicKeyFromGatewayId(Ed25519RecoveryError),

-    #[error("The identity of the gateway is unknwown - did you run init?")]
+    #[error("The identity of the gateway is unknown - did you run init?")]
    GatewayIdUnknown,

    #[error("The owner of the gateway is unknown - did you run init?")]
@@ -86,6 +92,11 @@ pub enum ClientCoreError {

    #[error("Unexpected exit")]
    UnexpectedExit,
+
+    #[error(
+        "This operation would have resulted in clients keys being overwritten without permission"
+    )]
+    ForbiddenKeyOverwrite,
 }

 /// Set of messages that the client can send to listeners via the task manager
@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
-// Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2022-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

-use crate::{
-    client::key_manager::KeyManager,
-    config::{persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder, Config},
-    error::ClientCoreError,
-};
+use crate::config::GatewayEndpointConfig;
+use crate::error::ClientCoreError;
 use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
 use log::{debug, info, trace, warn};
-use nym_config::NymConfig;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
 use nym_gateway_client::GatewayClient;
 use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
 use nym_topology::{filter::VersionFilterable, gateway};
-use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng, Rng};
+use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, Rng};
 use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 use tap::TapFallible;
 use tungstenite::Message;
@@ -29,10 +25,8 @@ use tokio::time::Instant;
 use tokio_tungstenite::connect_async;
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 use tokio_tungstenite::{MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
-
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 type WsConn = WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>;
-use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage;

 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::wasm_mockups::DirectSigningNyxdClient;
@@ -61,9 +55,9 @@ impl GatewayWithLatency {
    }
 }

-async fn current_gateways<R: Rng>(
+pub(super) async fn current_gateways<R: Rng>(
    rng: &mut R,
-    nym_apis: Vec<Url>,
+    nym_apis: &[Url],
 ) -> Result<Vec<gateway::Node>, ClientCoreError> {
    let nym_api = nym_apis
        .choose(rng)
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ async fn measure_latency(gateway: gateway::Node) -> Result<GatewayWithLatency, C
    Ok(GatewayWithLatency::new(gateway, avg))
 }

-async fn choose_gateway_by_latency<R: Rng>(
+pub(super) async fn choose_gateway_by_latency<R: Rng>(
    rng: &mut R,
    gateways: Vec<gateway::Node>,
 ) -> Result<gateway::Node, ClientCoreError> {
@@ -193,7 +187,7 @@ async fn choose_gateway_by_latency<R: Rng>(
    Ok(chosen.gateway.clone())
 }

-fn uniformly_random_gateway<R: Rng>(
+pub(super) fn uniformly_random_gateway<R: Rng>(
    rng: &mut R,
    gateways: Vec<gateway::Node>,
 ) -> Result<gateway::Node, ClientCoreError> {
@@ -203,35 +197,14 @@ fn uniformly_random_gateway<R: Rng>(
        .cloned()
 }

-pub(super) async fn query_gateway_details(
-    validator_servers: Vec<Url>,
-    chosen_gateway_id: Option<identity::PublicKey>,
-    by_latency: bool,
-) -> Result<gateway::Node, ClientCoreError> {
-    let mut rng = thread_rng();
-    let gateways = current_gateways(&mut rng, validator_servers).await?;
-
-    // if we set an explicit gateway, use that one and nothing else
-    if let Some(explicitly_chosen) = chosen_gateway_id {
-        gateways
-            .into_iter()
-            .find(|gateway| gateway.identity_key == explicitly_chosen)
-            .ok_or_else(|| ClientCoreError::NoGatewayWithId(explicitly_chosen.to_string()))
-    } else if by_latency {
-        choose_gateway_by_latency(&mut rng, gateways).await
-    } else {
-        uniformly_random_gateway(&mut rng, gateways)
-    }
-}
-
-pub(super) async fn register_with_gateway<St: Storage>(
-    gateway: &gateway::Node,
+pub(super) async fn register_with_gateway(
+    gateway: &GatewayEndpointConfig,
    our_identity: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
 ) -> Result<Arc<SharedKeys>, ClientCoreError> {
    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(1500);
-    let mut gateway_client: GatewayClient<DirectSigningNyxdClient, St> = GatewayClient::new_init(
-        gateway.clients_address(),
-        gateway.identity_key,
+    let mut gateway_client: GatewayClient<DirectSigningNyxdClient, _> = GatewayClient::new_init(
+        gateway.gateway_listener.clone(),
+        gateway.try_get_gateway_identity_key()?,
        our_identity.clone(),
        timeout,
    );
@@ -245,16 +218,3 @@ pub(super) async fn register_with_gateway<St: Storage>(
        .tap_err(|_| log::warn!("Failed to register with the gateway!"))?;
    Ok(shared_keys)
 }
-
-pub(super) fn store_keys<T>(
-    key_manager: &KeyManager,
-    config: &Config<T>,
-) -> Result<(), ClientCoreError>
-where
-    T: NymConfig,
-{
-    let pathfinder = ClientKeyPathfinder::new_from_config(config);
-    Ok(key_manager
-        .store_keys(&pathfinder)
-        .tap_err(|err| log::error!("Failed to generate keys: {err}"))?)
-}
@@ -1,21 +1,12 @@
-// Copyright 2022 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2022-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 //! Collection of initialization steps used by client implementations

-use std::fmt::Display;
-
-use nym_sphinx::addressing::{clients::Recipient, nodes::NodeIdentity};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use tap::TapFallible;
-
-use nym_config::NymConfig;
-use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage;
-use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
-use url::Url;
-
-use crate::client::key_manager::KeyManager;
+use crate::client::base_client::storage::MixnetClientStorage;
+use crate::client::key_manager::persistence::KeyStore;
+use crate::client::key_manager::{KeyManager, ManagedKeys};
+use crate::init::helpers::{choose_gateway_by_latency, current_gateways, uniformly_random_gateway};
 use crate::{
    config::{
        persistence::key_pathfinder::ClientKeyPathfinder, ClientCoreConfigTrait, Config,
@@ -23,9 +14,102 @@ use crate::{
    },
    error::ClientCoreError,
 };
+use nym_config::NymConfig;
+use nym_crypto::asymmetric::{encryption, identity};
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::{clients::Recipient, nodes::NodeIdentity};
+use nym_validator_client::client::IdentityKey;
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+use tap::TapFallible;
+use url::Url;

 mod helpers;

+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum GatewaySetup {
+    /// Specifies usage of a new, random, gateway.
+    New {
+        /// Should the new gateway be selected based on latency.
+        by_latency: bool,
+    },
+    Specified {
+        /// Identity key of the gateway we want to try to use.
+        gateway_identity: IdentityKey,
+    },
+    Predefined {
+        /// Full gateway configuration
+        config: GatewayEndpointConfig,
+    },
+}
+
+impl From<GatewayEndpointConfig> for GatewaySetup {
+    fn from(config: GatewayEndpointConfig) -> Self {
+        GatewaySetup::Predefined { config }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<IdentityKey> for GatewaySetup {
+    fn from(gateway_identity: IdentityKey) -> Self {
+        GatewaySetup::Specified { gateway_identity }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for GatewaySetup {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        GatewaySetup::New { by_latency: false }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GatewaySetup {
+    pub fn new(
+        full_config: Option<GatewayEndpointConfig>,
+        gateway_identity: Option<IdentityKey>,
+        latency_based_selection: Option<bool>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        if let Some(config) = full_config {
+            GatewaySetup::Predefined { config }
+        } else if let Some(gateway_identity) = gateway_identity {
+            GatewaySetup::Specified { gateway_identity }
+        } else {
+            GatewaySetup::New {
+                by_latency: latency_based_selection.unwrap_or_default(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn try_get_gateway_details(
+        self,
+        validator_servers: &[Url],
+    ) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, ClientCoreError> {
+        match self {
+            GatewaySetup::New { by_latency } => {
+                let mut rng = OsRng;
+                let gateways = current_gateways(&mut rng, validator_servers).await?;
+                if by_latency {
+                    choose_gateway_by_latency(&mut rng, gateways).await
+                } else {
+                    uniformly_random_gateway(&mut rng, gateways)
+                }
+            }
+            .map(Into::into),
+            GatewaySetup::Specified { gateway_identity } => {
+                let user_gateway = identity::PublicKey::from_base58_string(&gateway_identity)
+                    .map_err(ClientCoreError::UnableToCreatePublicKeyFromGatewayId)?;
+
+                let mut rng = OsRng;
+                let gateways = current_gateways(&mut rng, validator_servers).await?;
+                gateways
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|gateway| gateway.identity_key == user_gateway)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| ClientCoreError::NoGatewayWithId(gateway_identity.to_string()))
+            }
+            .map(Into::into),
+            GatewaySetup::Predefined { config } => Ok(config),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Struct describing the results of the client initialization procedure.
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 pub struct InitResults {
@@ -64,34 +148,55 @@ impl Display for InitResults {
    }
 }

-/// Create a new set of client keys.
-pub fn new_client_keys() -> KeyManager {
+/// Recovers the already present gateway information or attempts to register with new gateway
+/// and stores the newly obtained key
+pub async fn get_registered_gateway<S>(
+    validator_servers: Vec<Url>,
+    key_store: &S::KeyStore,
+    setup: GatewaySetup,
+    overwrite_keys: bool,
+) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, ClientCoreError>
+where
+    S: MixnetClientStorage,
+    <S::KeyStore as KeyStore>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
    let mut rng = OsRng;
-    KeyManager::new(&mut rng)
-}

-/// Authenticate and register with a gateway.
-/// Either pick one at random by querying the available gateways from the nym-api, or use the
-/// chosen one if it's among the available ones.
-/// The shared key is added to the supplied `KeyManager` and the endpoint details are returned.
-pub async fn register_with_gateway<St: Storage>(
-    key_manager: &mut KeyManager,
-    nym_api_endpoints: Vec<Url>,
-    chosen_gateway_id: Option<identity::PublicKey>,
-    by_latency: bool,
-) -> Result<GatewayEndpointConfig, ClientCoreError> {
-    // Get the gateway details of the gateway we will use
-    let gateway =
-        helpers::query_gateway_details(nym_api_endpoints, chosen_gateway_id, by_latency).await?;
-    log::debug!("Querying gateway gives: {}", gateway);
+    // try load keys
+    let mut managed_keys = match ManagedKeys::try_load(key_store).await {
+        Ok(_) => {
+            // if we loaded something and we don't have full gateway details, check if we can overwrite the data
+            if let GatewaySetup::Predefined { config } = setup {
+                // we already have defined gateway details AND a shared key, so nothing more for us to do
+                return Ok(config);
+            } else if overwrite_keys {
+                ManagedKeys::generate_new(&mut rng)
+            } else {
+                return Err(ClientCoreError::ForbiddenKeyOverwrite);
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => ManagedKeys::generate_new(&mut rng),
+    };

-    let our_identity = key_manager.identity_keypair();
+    // choose gateway
+    let gateway_details = setup.try_get_gateway_details(&validator_servers).await?;
+
+    // get our identity key
+    let our_identity = managed_keys.identity_keypair();

    // Establish connection, authenticate and generate keys for talking with the gateway
-    let shared_keys = helpers::register_with_gateway::<St>(&gateway, our_identity).await?;
-    key_manager.insert_gateway_shared_key(shared_keys);
+    let shared_keys = helpers::register_with_gateway(&gateway_details, our_identity).await?;

-    Ok(gateway.into())
+    managed_keys
+        .deal_with_gateway_key(shared_keys, key_store)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|source| ClientCoreError::KeyStoreError {
+            source: Box::new(source),
+        })?;
+
+    // TODO: here we should be probably persisting gateway details as opposed to returning them
+
+    Ok(gateway_details)
 }

 /// Convenience function for setting up the gateway for a client given a `Config`. Depending on the
@@ -101,7 +206,8 @@ pub async fn register_with_gateway<St: Storage>(
 /// b. Create a new gateway configuration but keep existing keys. This assumes that the caller
 ///    knows what they are doing and that the keys match the requested gateway.
 /// c. Create a new gateway configuration with a newly registered gateway and keys.
-pub async fn setup_gateway_from_config<C, T, St>(
+pub async fn setup_gateway_from_config<C, T, KSt>(
+    key_store: &KSt,
    register_gateway: bool,
    user_chosen_gateway_id: Option<identity::PublicKey>,
    config: &Config<T>,
@@ -110,7 +216,8 @@ pub async fn setup_gateway_from_config<C, T, St>(
 where
    C: NymConfig + ClientCoreConfigTrait,
    T: NymConfig,
-    St: Storage,
+    KSt: KeyStore,
+    <KSt as KeyStore>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
    let id = config.get_id();

@@ -121,35 +228,42 @@ where
        return load_existing_gateway_config::<C>(&id);
    }

+    let gateway_setup = GatewaySetup::new(
+        None,
+        user_chosen_gateway_id.map(|id| id.to_base58_string()),
+        Some(by_latency),
+    );
    // Else, we proceed by querying the nym-api
-    let gateway = helpers::query_gateway_details(
-        config.get_nym_api_endpoints(),
-        user_chosen_gateway_id,
-        by_latency,
-    )
-    .await?;
-    log::debug!("Querying gateway gives: {}", gateway);
+    let gateway = gateway_setup
+        .try_get_gateway_details(&config.get_nym_api_endpoints())
+        .await?;
+    log::debug!("Querying gateway gives: {:?}", gateway);

    // If we are not registering, just return this and assume the caller has the keys already and
    // wants to keep the,
    if !register_gateway && user_chosen_gateway_id.is_some() {
        eprintln!("Using gateway provided by user, keeping existing keys");
-        return Ok(gateway.into());
+        return Ok(gateway);
    }

+    let mut rng = OsRng;
+    let mut managed_keys =
+        crate::client::key_manager::ManagedKeys::load_or_generate(&mut rng, key_store).await;
+
    // Create new keys and derive our identity
-    let mut key_manager = new_client_keys();
-    let our_identity = key_manager.identity_keypair();
+    let our_identity = managed_keys.identity_keypair();

    // Establish connection, authenticate and generate keys for talking with the gateway
    eprintln!("Registering with new gateway");
-    let shared_keys = helpers::register_with_gateway::<St>(&gateway, our_identity).await?;
-    key_manager.insert_gateway_shared_key(shared_keys);
+    let shared_keys = helpers::register_with_gateway(&gateway, our_identity).await?;
+    managed_keys
+        .deal_with_gateway_key(shared_keys, key_store)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|source| ClientCoreError::KeyStoreError {
+            source: Box::new(source),
+        })?;

-    // Write all keys to storage and just return the gateway endpoint config. It is assumed that we
-    // will load keys from storage when actually connecting.
-    helpers::store_keys(&key_manager, config)?;
-    Ok(gateway.into())
+    Ok(gateway)
 }

 /// Read and reuse the existing gateway configuration from a file that was generate earlier.
@@ -186,7 +300,8 @@ pub fn get_client_address(
 }

 /// Get the client address by loading the keys from stored files.
-pub fn get_client_address_from_stored_keys<T>(
+// TODO: rethink that sucker
+pub fn get_client_address_from_stored_ondisk_keys<T>(
    config: &Config<T>,
 ) -> Result<Recipient, ClientCoreError>
 where
@@ -196,11 +311,8 @@ where
        pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder,
    ) -> Result<identity::KeyPair, ClientCoreError> {
        let identity_keypair: identity::KeyPair =
-            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                pathfinder.private_identity_key().to_owned(),
-                pathfinder.public_identity_key().to_owned(),
-            ))
-            .tap_err(|_| log::error!("Failed to read stored identity key files"))?;
+            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&pathfinder.identity_key_pair_path())
+                .tap_err(|_| log::error!("Failed to read stored identity key files"))?;
        Ok(identity_keypair)
    }

@@ -208,11 +320,8 @@ where
        pathfinder: &ClientKeyPathfinder,
    ) -> Result<encryption::KeyPair, ClientCoreError> {
        let sphinx_keypair: encryption::KeyPair =
-            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&nym_pemstore::KeyPairPath::new(
-                pathfinder.private_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-                pathfinder.public_encryption_key().to_owned(),
-            ))
-            .tap_err(|_| log::error!("Failed to read stored sphinx key files"))?;
+            nym_pemstore::load_keypair(&pathfinder.encryption_key_pair_path())
+                .tap_err(|_| log::error!("Failed to read stored sphinx key files"))?;
        Ok(sphinx_keypair)
    }

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
 use log::*;
 use nym_bandwidth_controller::BandwidthController;
 use nym_coconut_interface::Credential;
+use nym_credential_storage::ephemeral_storage::EphemeralStorage as EphemeralCredentialStorage;
+use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage as CredentialStorage;
 use nym_crypto::asymmetric::identity;
 use nym_gateway_requests::authentication::encrypted_address::EncryptedAddressBytes;
 use nym_gateway_requests::iv::IV;
@@ -26,7 +28,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tungstenite::protocol::Message;

-use nym_credential_storage::storage::Storage;
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 use nym_validator_client::nyxd::traits::DkgQueryClient;
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ use wasm_utils::websocket::JSWebsocket;
 const DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS: usize = 10;
 const DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);

-pub struct GatewayClient<C, St: Storage> {
+pub struct GatewayClient<C, St> {
    authenticated: bool,
    disabled_credentials_mode: bool,
    bandwidth_remaining: i64,
@@ -68,17 +69,14 @@ pub struct GatewayClient<C, St: Storage> {
    shutdown: TaskClient,
 }

-impl<C, St> GatewayClient<C, St>
-where
-    C: Sync + Send,
-    St: Storage,
-{
+impl<C, St> GatewayClient<C, St> {
    // TODO: put it all in a Config struct
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        gateway_address: String,
        local_identity: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
        gateway_identity: identity::PublicKey,
+        // TODO: make it mandatory. if you don't want to pass it, use `new_init`
        shared_key: Option<Arc<SharedKeys>>,
        mixnet_message_sender: MixnetMessageSender,
        ack_sender: AcknowledgementSender,
@@ -122,40 +120,6 @@ where
        self.reconnection_backoff = backoff
    }

-    pub fn new_init(
-        gateway_address: String,
-        gateway_identity: identity::PublicKey,
-        local_identity: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
-        response_timeout_duration: Duration,
-    ) -> Self {
-        use futures::channel::mpsc;
-
-        // note: this packet_router is completely invalid in normal circumstances, but "works"
-        // perfectly fine here, because it's not meant to be used
-        let (ack_tx, _) = mpsc::unbounded();
-        let (mix_tx, _) = mpsc::unbounded();
-        let shutdown = TaskClient::dummy();
-        let packet_router = PacketRouter::new(ack_tx, mix_tx, shutdown.clone());
-
-        GatewayClient::<C, St> {
-            authenticated: false,
-            disabled_credentials_mode: true,
-            bandwidth_remaining: 0,
-            gateway_address,
-            gateway_identity,
-            local_identity,
-            shared_key: None,
-            connection: SocketState::NotConnected,
-            packet_router,
-            response_timeout_duration,
-            bandwidth_controller: None,
-            should_reconnect_on_failure: false,
-            reconnection_attempts: DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS,
-            reconnection_backoff: DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_BACKOFF,
-            shutdown,
-        }
-    }
-
    pub fn gateway_identity(&self) -> identity::PublicKey {
        self.gateway_identity
    }
@@ -567,7 +531,9 @@ where

    pub async fn claim_bandwidth(&mut self) -> Result<(), GatewayClientError>
    where
-        C: DkgQueryClient,
+        C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync,
+        St: CredentialStorage,
+        <St as CredentialStorage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        if !self.authenticated {
            return Err(GatewayClientError::NotAuthenticated);
@@ -605,7 +571,7 @@ where
    fn estimate_required_bandwidth(&self, packets: &[MixPacket]) -> i64 {
        packets
            .iter()
-            .map(|packet| packet.sphinx_packet().len())
+            .map(|packet| packet.packet().len())
            .sum::<usize>() as i64
    }

@@ -613,6 +579,8 @@ where
        &mut self,
        packets: Vec<MixPacket>,
    ) -> Result<(), GatewayClientError> {
+        debug!("Sending {} mix packets", packets.len());
+
        if !self.authenticated {
            return Err(GatewayClientError::NotAuthenticated);
        }
@@ -657,9 +625,10 @@ where
    ) -> Result<(), GatewayClientError> {
        if let Err(err) = self.send_websocket_message_without_response(msg).await {
            if err.is_closed_connection() && self.should_reconnect_on_failure {
-                info!("Going to attempt a reconnection");
+                debug!("Going to attempt a reconnection");
                self.attempt_reconnection().await
            } else {
+                warn!("{err}");
                Err(err)
            }
        } else {
@@ -686,9 +655,9 @@ where
        if !self.authenticated {
            return Err(GatewayClientError::NotAuthenticated);
        }
-        if (mix_packet.sphinx_packet().len() as i64) > self.bandwidth_remaining {
+        if (mix_packet.packet().len() as i64) > self.bandwidth_remaining {
            return Err(GatewayClientError::NotEnoughBandwidth(
-                mix_packet.sphinx_packet().len() as i64,
+                mix_packet.packet().len() as i64,
                self.bandwidth_remaining,
            ));
        }
@@ -771,7 +740,9 @@ where

    pub async fn authenticate_and_start(&mut self) -> Result<Arc<SharedKeys>, GatewayClientError>
    where
-        C: DkgQueryClient,
+        C: DkgQueryClient + Send + Sync,
+        St: CredentialStorage,
+        <St as CredentialStorage>::StorageError: Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        if !self.connection.is_established() {
            self.establish_connection().await?;
@@ -790,3 +761,40 @@ where
        Ok(shared_key)
    }
 }
+
+impl<C> GatewayClient<C, EphemeralCredentialStorage> {
+    // for initialisation we do not need credential storage. Though it's still a bit weird we have to set the generic...
+    pub fn new_init(
+        gateway_address: String,
+        gateway_identity: identity::PublicKey,
+        local_identity: Arc<identity::KeyPair>,
+        response_timeout_duration: Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        use futures::channel::mpsc;
+
+        // note: this packet_router is completely invalid in normal circumstances, but "works"
+        // perfectly fine here, because it's not meant to be used
+        let (ack_tx, _) = mpsc::unbounded();
+        let (mix_tx, _) = mpsc::unbounded();
+        let shutdown = TaskClient::dummy();
+        let packet_router = PacketRouter::new(ack_tx, mix_tx, shutdown.clone());
+
+        GatewayClient::<C, EphemeralCredentialStorage> {
+            authenticated: false,
+            disabled_credentials_mode: true,
+            bandwidth_remaining: 0,
+            gateway_address,
+            gateway_identity,
+            local_identity,
+            shared_key: None,
+            connection: SocketState::NotConnected,
+            packet_router,
+            response_timeout_duration,
+            bandwidth_controller: None,
+            should_reconnect_on_failure: false,
+            reconnection_attempts: DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS,
+            reconnection_backoff: DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_BACKOFF,
+            shutdown,
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-// Copyright 2021 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
+// Copyright 2021-2023 - Nym Technologies SA <contact@nymtech.net>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

 use crate::error::GatewayClientError;
 pub use client::GatewayClient;
 use log::warn;
-use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
 use nym_gateway_requests::BinaryResponse;
 pub use packet_router::{
    AcknowledgementReceiver, AcknowledgementSender, MixnetMessageReceiver, MixnetMessageSender,
 };
 use tungstenite::{protocol::Message, Error as WsError};

+pub use nym_gateway_requests::registration::handshake::SharedKeys;
+
 pub mod client;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod packet_router;
@@ -50,10 +50,15 @@ impl PacketRouter {
        let ack_overhead = PacketSize::AckPacket.size() + MAX_NODE_ADDRESS_UNPADDED_LEN;

        for received_packet in unwrapped_packets {
-            if received_packet.len() == PacketSize::AckPacket.plaintext_size() {
+            if received_packet.len() == PacketSize::AckPacket.plaintext_size()
+                || received_packet.len() == PacketSize::OutfoxAckPacket.plaintext_size()
+            {
                received_acks.push(received_packet);
            } else if received_packet.len()
                == PacketSize::RegularPacket.plaintext_size() - ack_overhead
+                || received_packet.len()
+                    == PacketSize::OutfoxRegularPacket.plaintext_size() - ack_overhead
+                || received_packet.len() == PacketSize::OutfoxRegularPacket.size() - 6
            {
                trace!("routing regular packet");
                received_messages.push(received_packet);
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
 use futures::channel::mpsc;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use log::*;
-use nym_sphinx::framing::codec::SphinxCodec;
-use nym_sphinx::framing::packet::FramedSphinxPacket;
-use nym_sphinx::params::PacketMode;
-use nym_sphinx::{addressing::nodes::NymNodeRoutingAddress, SphinxPacket};
+use nym_sphinx::addressing::nodes::NymNodeRoutingAddress;
+use nym_sphinx::framing::codec::NymCodec;
+use nym_sphinx::framing::packet::FramedNymPacket;
+use nym_sphinx::params::PacketType;
+use nym_sphinx::NymPacket;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::io;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
@@ -50,8 +51,8 @@ pub trait SendWithoutResponse {
    fn send_without_response(
        &mut self,
        address: NymNodeRoutingAddress,
-        packet: SphinxPacket,
-        packet_mode: PacketMode,
+        packet: NymPacket,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> io::Result<()>;
 }

@@ -61,12 +62,12 @@ pub struct Client {
 }

 struct ConnectionSender {
-    channel: mpsc::Sender<FramedSphinxPacket>,
+    channel: mpsc::Sender<FramedNymPacket>,
    current_reconnection_attempt: Arc<AtomicU32>,
 }

 impl ConnectionSender {
-    fn new(channel: mpsc::Sender<FramedSphinxPacket>) -> Self {
+    fn new(channel: mpsc::Sender<FramedNymPacket>) -> Self {
        ConnectionSender {
            channel,
            current_reconnection_attempt: Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0)),
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ impl Client {

    async fn manage_connection(
        address: SocketAddr,
-        receiver: mpsc::Receiver<FramedSphinxPacket>,
+        receiver: mpsc::Receiver<FramedNymPacket>,
        connection_timeout: Duration,
        current_reconnection: &AtomicU32,
    ) {
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ impl Client {
                    debug!("Managed to establish connection to {}", address);
                    // if we managed to connect, reset the reconnection count (whatever it might have been)
                    current_reconnection.store(0, Ordering::Release);
-                    Framed::new(stream, SphinxCodec)
+                    Framed::new(stream, NymCodec)
                }
                Err(err) => {
                    debug!(
@@ -148,11 +149,7 @@ impl Client {
        }
    }

-    fn make_connection(
-        &mut self,
-        address: NymNodeRoutingAddress,
-        pending_packet: FramedSphinxPacket,
-    ) {
+    fn make_connection(&mut self, address: NymNodeRoutingAddress, pending_packet: FramedNymPacket) {
        let (mut sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(self.config.maximum_connection_buffer_size);

        // this CAN'T fail because we just created the channel which has a non-zero capacity
@@ -200,12 +197,12 @@ impl SendWithoutResponse for Client {
    fn send_without_response(
        &mut self,
        address: NymNodeRoutingAddress,
-        packet: SphinxPacket,
-        packet_mode: PacketMode,
+        packet: NymPacket,
+        packet_type: PacketType,
    ) -> io::Result<()> {
        trace!("Sending packet to {:?}", address);
        let framed_packet =
-            FramedSphinxPacket::new(packet, packet_mode, self.config.use_legacy_version);
+            FramedNymPacket::new(packet, packet_type, self.config.use_legacy_version);

        if let Some(sender) = self.conn_new.get_mut(&address) {
            if let Err(err) = sender.channel.try_send(framed_packet) {
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ impl PacketForwarder {
                     trace!("Going to forward packet to {:?}", mix_packet.next_hop());

                    let next_hop = mix_packet.next_hop();
-                    let packet_mode = mix_packet.packet_mode();
-                    let sphinx_packet = mix_packet.into_sphinx_packet();
+                    let packet_type = mix_packet.packet_type();
+                    let packet = mix_packet.into_packet();
                    // we don't care about responses, we just want to fire packets
                    // as quickly as possible

                    if let Err(err) =
                        self.mixnet_client
-                            .send_without_response(next_hop, sphinx_packet, packet_mode)
+                            .send_without_response(next_hop, packet, packet_type)
                    {
                        debug!("failed to forward the packet - {err}")
                    }
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ nym-mixnet-contract-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/mixnet-con
 nym-vesting-contract-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/vesting-contract" }
 nym-coconut-bandwidth-contract-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/coconut-bandwidth-contract" }
 nym-multisig-contract-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/multisig-contract" }
+nym-name-service-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/name-service" }
 nym-group-contract-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/group-contract" }
+nym-service-provider-directory-common = { path = "../../cosmwasm-smart-contracts/service-provider-directory" }
 nym-vesting-contract = { path = "../../../contracts/vesting" }
 serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
@@ -63,6 +65,14 @@ name = "offline_signing"
 # (traits would need to be moved around and refactored themselves)
 required-features = ["nyxd-client"]

+[[example]]
+name = "query_service_provider_directory"
+required-features = ["nyxd-client"]
+
+[[example]]
+name = "query_name_service"
+required-features = ["nyxd-client"]
+
 [features]
 nyxd-client = [
    "async-trait",
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use cosmrs::AccountId;
+use nym_name_service_common::Address;
+use nym_network_defaults::{setup_env, NymNetworkDetails};
+use nym_validator_client::nyxd::traits::NameServiceQueryClient;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    setup_env(Some(&"../../../envs/qa-qwerty.env".parse().unwrap()));
+    let network_details = NymNetworkDetails::new_from_env();
+    let config =
+        nym_validator_client::Config::try_from_nym_network_details(&network_details).unwrap();
+    let client = nym_validator_client::Client::new_query(config).unwrap();
+
+    let config = client.nyxd.get_name_service_config().await.unwrap();
+    println!("config: {config:?}");
+
+    let names_paged = client.nyxd.get_names_paged(None, None).await.unwrap();
+    println!("names (paged): {names_paged:#?}");
+
+    let names = client.nyxd.get_all_names().await.unwrap();
+    println!("names: {names:#?}");
+
+    let owner = AccountId::from_str("n1hmf957kc7arcd39rl7xq8l0a4zyg7kxnv7su87").unwrap();
+    let names_by_owner = client.nyxd.get_names_by_owner(owner).await.unwrap();
+    println!("names (by owner): {names_by_owner:#?}");
+
+    let nym_address = Address::new("client_id.client_key@gateway_id");
+    let names_by_address = client.nyxd.get_names_by_address(nym_address).await.unwrap();
+    println!("names (by address): {names_by_address:#?}");
+
+    let service_info = client.nyxd.get_name_entry(1).await;
+    println!("service info: {service_info:#?}");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use cosmrs::AccountId;
+use nym_network_defaults::{setup_env, NymNetworkDetails};
+use nym_service_provider_directory_common::NymAddress;
+use nym_validator_client::nyxd::traits::SpDirectoryQueryClient;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    setup_env(Some(&"../../../envs/qa-qwerty.env".parse().unwrap()));
+    let network_details = NymNetworkDetails::new_from_env();
+    let config =
+        nym_validator_client::Config::try_from_nym_network_details(&network_details).unwrap();
+    let client = nym_validator_client::Client::new_query(config).unwrap();
+
+    let config = client.nyxd.get_service_config().await.unwrap();
+    println!("config: {config:?}");
+
+    let services_paged = client.nyxd.get_services_paged(None, None).await.unwrap();
+    println!("services (paged): {services_paged:#?}");
+
+    let services = client.nyxd.get_all_services().await.unwrap();
+    println!("services: {services:#?}");
+
+    let announcer = AccountId::from_str("n1hmf957kc7arcd39rl7xq8l0a4zyg7kxnv7su87").unwrap();
+    let services_by_announcer = client
+        .nyxd
+        .get_services_by_announcer(announcer)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    println!("services (by announcer): {services_by_announcer:#?}");
+
+    let nym_address = NymAddress::new("foo.bar@gateway");
+    let services_by_nym_address = client
+        .nyxd
+        .get_services_by_nym_address(nym_address)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(services_by_announcer, services_by_nym_address);
+
+    let service_info = client.nyxd.get_service_info(1).await;
+    println!("service info: {service_info:#?}");
+}
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ use nym_api_requests::models::{
 };
 use nym_coconut_dkg_common::types::NodeIndex;
 use nym_coconut_interface::VerificationKey;
-pub use nym_mixnet_contract_common::{mixnode::MixNodeDetails, GatewayBond, IdentityKeyRef, MixId};
+pub use nym_mixnet_contract_common::{
+    mixnode::MixNodeDetails, GatewayBond, IdentityKey, IdentityKeyRef, MixId,
+};
 use url::Url;

 #[cfg(feature = "nyxd-client")]
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ use nym_mixnet_contract_common::{
    families::{Family, FamilyHead},
    mixnode::MixNodeBond,
    pending_events::{PendingEpochEvent, PendingIntervalEvent},
-    Delegation, IdentityKey, RewardedSetNodeStatus, UnbondedMixnode,
+    Delegation, RewardedSetNodeStatus, UnbondedMixnode,
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "nyxd-client")]
 use nym_network_defaults::NymNetworkDetails;
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::nyxd::error::NyxdError;
 use crate::nyxd::{Config as ClientConfig, NyxdClient, QueryNyxdClient};
-use crate::NymApiClient;
+use crate::{NymApiClient, ValidatorClientError};

 use crate::nyxd::traits::MixnetQueryClient;
 use colored::Colorize;
@@ -45,6 +45,23 @@ pub async fn run_validator_connection_test<H: BuildHasher + 'static>(
    )
 }

+pub async fn test_nyxd_url_connection(
+    network: NymNetworkDetails,
+    nyxd_url: Url,
+    address: cosmrs::AccountId,
+) -> Result<bool, ValidatorClientError> {
+    let config = ClientConfig::try_from_nym_network_details(&network)
+        .expect("failed to create valid nyxd client config");
+
+    let mut nyxd_client = NyxdClient::<QueryNyxdClient>::connect(config, nyxd_url.as_str())?;
+    // possibly redundant, but lets just leave it here
+    nyxd_client.set_mixnet_contract_address(address);
+    match test_nyxd_connection(network, &nyxd_url, &nyxd_client).await {
+        ConnectionResult::Nyxd(_, _, res) => Ok(res),
+        _ => Ok(false), // ✶ not possible to happens
+    }
+}
+
 fn setup_connection_tests<H: BuildHasher + 'static>(
    nyxd_urls: impl Iterator<Item = (NymNetworkDetails, Url)>,
    api_urls: impl Iterator<Item = (NymNetworkDetails, Url)>,
@@ -105,7 +122,7 @@ async fn test_nyxd_connection(
    {
        Ok(Err(NyxdError::TendermintError(e))) => {
            // If we get a tendermint-rpc error, we classify the node as not contactable
-            log::debug!("Checking: nyxd url: {url}: {}: {}", "failed".red(), e);
+            log::warn!("Checking: nyxd url: {url}: {}: {}", "failed".red(), e);
            false
        }
        Ok(Err(NyxdError::AbciError { code, log, .. })) => {
@@ -117,13 +134,13 @@ async fn test_nyxd_connection(
            );
            code == 18
        }
-        Ok(Err(error @ NyxdError::NoContractAddressAvailable)) => {
-            log::debug!("Checking: nyxd url: {url}: {}: {error}", "failed".red());
+        Ok(Err(error @ NyxdError::NoContractAddressAvailable(_))) => {
+            log::warn!("Checking: nyxd url: {url}: {}: {error}", "failed".red());
            false
        }
        Ok(Err(e)) => {
            // For any other error, we're optimistic and just try anyway.
-            log::debug!(
+            log::warn!(
                "Checking: nyxd_url: {url}: {}, but with error: {e}",
                "success".green()
            );
@@ -134,7 +151,7 @@ async fn test_nyxd_connection(
            true
        }
        Err(e) => {
-            log::debug!("Checking: nyxd_url: {url}: {}: {e}", "failed".red());
+            log::warn!("Checking: nyxd_url: {url}: {}: {e}", "failed".red());
            false
        }
    };
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ pub mod nyxd;
 pub mod signing;

 pub use crate::error::ValidatorClientError;
+pub use client::NymApiClient;
 pub use nym_api_requests::*;

 #[cfg(feature = "nyxd-client")]
-pub use client::{Client, CoconutApiClient, Config, NymApiClient};
+pub use client::{Client, CoconutApiClient, Config};
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ pub enum NymAPIError {
        source: reqwest::Error,
    },

+    #[error("Not found")]
+    NotFound,
+
    #[error("Request failed with error message - {0}")]
    GenericRequestFailure(String),

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ use nym_api_requests::models::{
 };
 use nym_mixnet_contract_common::mixnode::MixNodeDetails;
 use nym_mixnet_contract_common::{GatewayBond, IdentityKeyRef, MixId};
-use reqwest::Response;
+use nym_name_service_common::response::NamesListResponse;
+use nym_service_provider_directory_common::response::ServicesListResponse;
+use reqwest::{Response, StatusCode};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use url::Url;

@@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ impl Client {
        let res = self.send_get_request(path, params).await?;
        if res.status().is_success() {
            Ok(res.json().await?)
+        } else if res.status() == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
+            Err(NymAPIError::NotFound)
        } else {
            Err(NymAPIError::GenericRequestFailure(res.text().await?))
        }
@@ -480,6 +484,19 @@ impl Client {
        )
        .await
    }
+
+    pub async fn get_service_providers(&self) -> Result<ServicesListResponse, NymAPIError> {
+        log::trace!("Getting service providers");
+        self.query_nym_api(&[routes::API_VERSION, routes::SERVICE_PROVIDERS], NO_PARAMS)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    //pub async fn get_registered_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<NameEntry>, NymAPIError> {
+    pub async fn get_registered_names(&self) -> Result<NamesListResponse, NymAPIError> {
+        log::trace!("Getting registered names");
+        self.query_nym_api(&[routes::API_VERSION, routes::REGISTERED_NAMES], NO_PARAMS)
+            .await
+    }
 }

 // utility function that should solve the double slash problem in validator API forever.
@@ -32,3 +32,6 @@ pub const COMPUTE_REWARD_ESTIMATION: &str = "compute-reward-estimation";
 pub const AVG_UPTIME: &str = "avg_uptime";
 pub const STAKE_SATURATION: &str = "stake-saturation";
 pub const INCLUSION_CHANCE: &str = "inclusion-probability";
+
+pub const SERVICE_PROVIDERS: &str = "services";
+pub const REGISTERED_NAMES: &str = "names";
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ use std::{io, time::Duration};

 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum NyxdError {
-    #[error("No contract address is available to perform the call")]
-    NoContractAddressAvailable,
+    #[error("No contract address is available to perform the call: {0}")]
+    NoContractAddressAvailable(String),

    #[error(transparent)]
    WalletError(#[from] DirectSecp256k1HdWalletError),
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ fn try_parse_abci_log(log: &abci::Log) -> Option<String> {
        .value()
        .contains("Maximum amount of locked coins has already been pledged")
    {
-        Some("Maximum amount of locked tokens has alredy been used. You can only use up to 10% of your locked tokens for bonding and delegating.".to_string())
+        Some("Maximum amount of locked tokens has already been used. You can only use up to 10% of your locked tokens for bonding and delegating.".to_string())
    } else {
        None
    }
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use cosmrs::rpc::query::Query;
 use cosmrs::rpc::Error as TendermintRpcError;
 use cosmrs::rpc::HttpClientUrl;
 use cosmrs::tx::Msg;
-use log::debug;
+use log::{debug, trace};
 use nym_network_defaults::{ChainDetails, NymNetworkDetails};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::convert::TryInto;
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ pub struct Config {
    pub(crate) group_contract_address: Option<AccountId>,
    pub(crate) multisig_contract_address: Option<AccountId>,
    pub(crate) coconut_dkg_contract_address: Option<AccountId>,
+    pub(crate) service_provider_contract_address: Option<AccountId>,
+    pub(crate) name_service_contract_address: Option<AccountId>,
    // TODO: add this in later commits
    // pub(crate) gas_price: GasPrice,
 }
@@ -77,8 +79,8 @@ impl Config {
        expected_prefix: &str,
    ) -> Result<Option<AccountId>, NyxdError> {
        if let Some(address) = raw {
-            debug!("Raw address:{:?}", raw);
-            debug!("Expected prefix:{:?}", expected_prefix);
+            trace!("Raw address:{:?}", raw);
+            trace!("Expected prefix:{:?}", expected_prefix);
            let parsed: AccountId = address
                .parse()
                .map_err(|_| NyxdError::MalformedAccountAddress(address.clone()))?;
@@ -131,6 +133,17 @@ impl Config {
                details.contracts.coconut_dkg_contract_address.as_ref(),
                prefix,
            )?,
+            service_provider_contract_address: Self::parse_optional_account(
+                details
+                    .contracts
+                    .service_provider_directory_contract_address
+                    .as_ref(),
+                prefix,
+            )?,
+            name_service_contract_address: Self::parse_optional_account(
+                details.contracts.name_service_contract_address.as_ref(),
+                prefix,
+            )?,
        })
    }
 }
@@ -246,6 +259,10 @@ impl<C> NyxdClient<C> {
        self.config.multisig_contract_address = Some(address);
    }

+    pub fn set_service_provider_contract_address(&mut self, address: AccountId) {
+        self.config.service_provider_contract_address = Some(address);
+    }
+
    // TODO: this should get changed into Result<&AccountId, NyxdError> (or Option<&AccountId> in future commits
    // note: what unwrap is doing here is just moving a failure that would have normally
    // occurred in `connect` when attempting to parse an empty address,
@@ -304,6 +321,16 @@ impl<C> NyxdClient<C> {
        self.config.coconut_dkg_contract_address.as_ref().unwrap()
    }

+    // The service provider directory contract is optional, so we return an Option not a Result
+    pub fn service_provider_contract_address(&self) -> Option<&AccountId> {
+        self.config.service_provider_contract_address.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    // The name service contract is optional, so we return an Option not a Result
+    pub fn name_service_contract_address(&self) -> Option<&AccountId> {
+        self.config.name_service_contract_address.as_ref()
+    }
+
    pub fn set_simulated_gas_multiplier(&mut self, multiplier: f32) {
        self.simulated_gas_multiplier = multiplier;
    }
@@ -16,15 +16,25 @@ mod mixnet_signing_client;
 mod multisig_signing_client;
 mod vesting_signing_client;

+mod sp_directory_query_client;
+mod sp_directory_signing_client;
+
+mod name_service_query_client;
+mod name_service_signing_client;
+
 pub use coconut_bandwidth_query_client::CoconutBandwidthQueryClient;
 pub use dkg_query_client::DkgQueryClient;
 pub use group_query_client::GroupQueryClient;
 pub use mixnet_query_client::MixnetQueryClient;
 pub use multisig_query_client::MultisigQueryClient;
+pub use name_service_query_client::NameServiceQueryClient;
+pub use sp_directory_query_client::SpDirectoryQueryClient;
 pub use vesting_query_client::VestingQueryClient;

 pub use coconut_bandwidth_signing_client::CoconutBandwidthSigningClient;
 pub use dkg_signing_client::DkgSigningClient;
 pub use mixnet_signing_client::MixnetSigningClient;
 pub use multisig_signing_client::MultisigSigningClient;
+pub use name_service_signing_client::NameServiceSigningClient;
+pub use sp_directory_signing_client::SpDirectorySigningClient;
 pub use vesting_signing_client::VestingSigningClient;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More